{"id":101694,"date":"2022-12-05T18:08:14","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T17:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/jak-se-ve-svete-slavi-svaty-mikulas\/"},"modified":"2023-04-17T14:45:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T12:45:43","slug":"jak-se-ve-svete-slavi-svaty-mikulas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/cs\/jak-se-ve-svete-slavi-svaty-mikulas\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se ve sv\u011bt\u011b slav\u00ed svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed na den, kdy p\u0159ijde b\u011blovlas\u00fd <\/strong>sympatick\u00fd mu\u017e v \u010derven\u00e9m<\/strong> oble\u010den\u00ed a rozd\u00e1 d\u00e1rky. Men\u0161\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale nad\u0161enci se najdou i v \u0159ad\u00e1ch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Tak jako p\u0159i v\u0161em, i p\u0159i oslav\u011b tohoto dne plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed: Jin\u00fd kraj, jin\u00fd mrav.<\/strong> Oslavy se v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed, n\u011bkde je rozd\u00edl\u016f v\u00edce, n\u011bkde m\u00e9n\u011b<\/strong>. Pokud budete tr\u00e1vit sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed pracovn\u011b v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, bude se v\u00e1m hodit v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se slav\u00ed v t\u011bchto zem\u00edch. Stejn\u011b tak se v ka\u017ed\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 postava p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed drah\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka jinak. Na Slovensku \u010di v \u010cech\u00e1ch ho znaj\u00ed jako Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. <\/p>\n\n

Jak to v\u0161echno vzniklo? <\/h2>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 byl biskup<\/strong> \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed a p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v Myre v dne\u0161n\u00edm Turecku. A\u010dkoli bychom toto m\u011bsto pod t\u00edmto n\u00e1zvem hledali marn\u011b, najdeme ho nedaleko Demre v obl\u00edben\u00e9m letovisku Antalya<\/strong>. Podle legendy Mikul\u00e1\u0161 pomohl chud\u00e9mu mu\u017ei,<\/strong> kter\u00fd m\u011bl t\u0159i dcery. Kv\u016fli nedostatku majetku z nich t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 musel ud\u011blat nev\u011bstky. Proto\u017ee jim nemohl poskytnout v\u011bno. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b platilo, \u017ee bez n\u011bj se \u017eena nemohla vd\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161<\/strong> se v mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku<\/strong> stal sirotkem a zd\u011bdil po rodi\u010d\u00edch velk\u00fd majetek. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se \u017ee na okno jeho domu polo\u017eil hroudu nebo v\u00e1\u010dek zlata (zdroje se li\u0161\u00ed), co\u017e se t\u0159ikr\u00e1t opakovalo. To zachr\u00e1nilo jeho rodinu. D\u00edky tomu se zrodila tradice obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Den jeho smrti se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed slav\u00ed jako sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me na jeho \u0161t\u011bdrost a dobrotu<\/strong>. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sladkost\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Nizozemska,<\/strong> odkud se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Podle druh\u00e9 verze poch\u00e1z\u00ed tento zvyk z N\u011bmecka.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

Den svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e v Nizozemsku <\/h2>\n\n

V nizozem\u0161tin\u011b se d\u00e1rce jmenuje Sinterklaas<\/strong>. Ji\u017e prvn\u00ed sobotu po 11. v listopadu p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed parn\u00edkem ze \u0160pan\u011blska<\/strong>, kde \u017eije po zbytek roku. Spolu s \u010cern\u00fdm Petrem<\/strong>, kter\u00fd nahrazuje \u010derta (typick\u00e9 pro jin\u00e9 kultury), p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed odm\u011bnit hodn\u00e9 d\u011bti a pok\u00e1rat ty, kter\u00e9 neposlechly. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed se, \u017ee \u010cern\u00fd Petr bav\u00ed poslu\u0161n\u00e9 d\u011bti a ty, kter\u00e9 se chovaj\u00ed opa\u010dn\u011b, si bere s sebou do postele. <\/p>\n\n

V nizozemsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech se tento sv\u00e1tek slav\u00ed jinak. P\u0159esto\u017ee se v\u0161ude konaj\u00ed pr\u016fvody <\/strong>, b\u011bhem nich\u017e je Sinterklaas nav\u0161t\u011bvuje, p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi dopravn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky. <\/strong>N\u011bkdy p\u0159ijede lod\u00ed, jindy na koni nebo v ko\u010d\u00e1\u0159e, n\u011bkdy dokonce helikopt\u00e9rou.. Nav\u0161t\u011bvuje nemocnice a \u0161koly, kde p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 d\u011btem. Na opl\u00e1tku nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed sob\u016fm misku s vodou, mrkv\u00ed nebo senem, aby se mohli ob\u010derstvit. V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku se rodiny sch\u00e1zej\u00ed ke spole\u010dn\u00e9 ve\u010de\u0159i. Na stole jsou tak\u00e9 su\u0161enky ve tvaru Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Pochutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed si na marcip\u00e1nov\u00fdch sladkostech a mandlov\u00fdch pern\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch. Pot\u00e9, co Sinterklaas doru\u010d\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek, vrac\u00ed se pr\u00fd z rotterdamsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu zp\u011bt do \u0160pan\u011blska. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Belgii <\/h2>\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako v Nizozemsku doprov\u00e1z\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161e pomocn\u00edk, \u010cern\u00fd Petr<\/strong>. Podle star\u00fdch legend poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze \u0160pan\u011blska. A d\u011bti v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tam \u017eij\u00ed s trpasl\u00edky. Do Belgie doraz\u00ed 5. prosinec na b\u00edl\u00fdch kon\u00edch<\/strong>, jezd\u00ed po st\u0159ech\u00e1ch a pos\u00edl\u00e1 d\u00e1rky d\u011btem kom\u00ednem. Postava pomocn\u00edka nezobrazuje zlou bytost ani nen\u00ed symbolem \u010f\u00e1bla. Belgick\u00e9 d\u011bti dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed o tomto sv\u00e1tku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a hodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1rky <\/strong>, o V\u00e1noc\u00edch jsou obdarov\u00e1ny drobnostmi a sladkostmi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 rodiny nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed u krbu vodu pro mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 kon\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti p\u0159emlouvaj\u00ed rodi\u010de, aby Mikul\u00e1\u0161ovi nechali d\u017eb\u00e1n piva. P\u0159\u00edpravy na slavnostn\u00ed den za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku listopadu. <\/strong>Belgie je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako zem\u011b \u010dokol\u00e1dy<\/strong>, a proto jsou obchody pln\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fdch figurek Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich jsou vysok\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl metru. <\/p>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v N\u011bmecku<\/h2>\n\n

Oslavy se v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech li\u0161\u00ed. V Bavorsku<\/strong> doprov\u00e1z\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161e stra\u0161liv\u00fd Krampus<\/strong>. V ostatn\u00edch zem\u00edch ho doprov\u00e1z\u00ed sluha Ruprecht. <\/strong>Krampus i Ruprecht jsou synonymem pro \u010f\u00e1bla, ale <\/strong>Ruprecht nen\u00ed tak stra\u0161ideln\u00fd. Sna\u017e\u00ed se d\u011bti zastra\u0161it, aby se v budoucnu vyvarovaly zloben\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee d\u011bti d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do bot seno a mrkev pro mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 kon\u011b nebo soby. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed je poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed kynut\u00e9ho pe\u010diva ve tvaru Mikul\u00e1\u0161e, co\u017e se podob\u00e1 holandsk\u00e9 tradici. Dal\u0161\u00edm typick\u00fdm j\u00eddlem tohoto dne jsou pe\u010den\u00e1 jablka s <\/strong>vanilkov\u00fdm kr\u00e9mem pln\u011bn\u00e1 o\u0159echy, rozinkami a cukrem nebo pala\u010dinky. <\/p>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Rakousku <\/h2>\n\n

Ve\u010der p\u0159ed sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e proch\u00e1z\u00ed ulicemi m\u011bsta postava v biskupsk\u00e9m kost\u00fdmu zvan\u00e1 Mikul\u00e1\u0161. <\/strong>Nechod\u00ed s\u00e1m, ale doprov\u00e1z\u00ed ho skupina krampus\u016f<\/strong>, stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch postav v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch mask\u00e1ch, ko\u017ee\u0161inov\u00fdch kab\u00e1tech a s \u0159in\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi zvonci, vyzbrojen\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dkami a popelem, aby potrestali ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se dopustili zla. V Rakousku <\/strong>je Krampus typickou postavou mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v Bavorsku. Ritu\u00e1l pochodu \u010dert\u016f<\/strong>, jak se pr\u016fvodu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, se do Rakouska roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il z alpsk\u00fdch vesnic<\/strong> a v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se stal velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edm. Nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed ji stovky n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f z cel\u00e9ho regionu. Na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech v\u0161ak Mikul\u00e1\u0161 st\u00e1le chod\u00ed od domu k domu a nav\u0161t\u011bvuje rodiny. P\u0159ed rozd\u00e1n\u00edm bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f s dobrotami si d\u011bti vyslechne a \u0159ekne jim, aby se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok zlep\u0161ily.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Ma\u010farsku <\/h2>\n\n

V Ma\u010farsku nav\u0161t\u011bvuje Mikul\u00e1\u0161 6. prosince ve\u010der<\/strong> d\u011bti po cel\u00e9 zemi. M\u00edsto pun\u010doch nad krbem si d\u011bti d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do okna boty<\/strong> a pln\u00ed je podle toho, zda byly b\u011bhem roku hodn\u00e9, nebo ne. Ve star\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch byly poslu\u0161n\u00e9 d\u011bti odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny sladkostmi, sez\u00f3nn\u00edm ovocem a o\u0159echy. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b sladkosti a \u010dokol\u00e1du. V bal\u00ed\u010dku najdou mimo jin\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1du ve tvaru Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 d\u011bti dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prut, kter\u00fd<\/strong> se podob\u00e1 mal\u00e9mu ko\u0161t\u011bti z v\u011btvi\u010dek<\/strong>, co\u017e symbolizuje, \u017ee budou potrest\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nikdo nen\u00ed jen dobr\u00fd nebo jen zl\u00fd, tak\u017ee d\u011bti obvykle najdou v bot\u011b jak dobroty<\/strong>, tak i klacky pod nohy.<\/strong> Mikul\u00e1\u0161 nav\u0161t\u011bvuje \u0161kolky a \u0161koly (dokonce i univerzity). D\u011bti si p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b a b\u00e1sn\u011b, kter\u00e9 <\/strong>zp\u00edvaj\u00ed a recituj\u00ed. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e doprov\u00e1z\u00ed postava Krampus, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00fakol stra\u0161it zlobiv\u00e9 d\u011bti. Maj\u00ed mo\u017enost sednout si Mikul\u00e1\u0161ovi na koleno a promluvit si s n\u00edm o sv\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem roku. I dosp\u011bl\u00ed nos\u00ed v tento den v\u0161ude mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 \u010depice<\/strong>. Tyto tradice jsou velmi podobn\u00e9<\/strong> i v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Chorvatsku, Rumunsku a Polsku <\/h2>\n\n

V Chorvatsku Mikul\u00e1\u0161e doprov\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010dert Krampus. Stejn\u011b tak si d\u011bti v p\u0159edve\u010der dne p\u0159iprav\u00ed na okno vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 boty,<\/strong> ve kter\u00fdch r\u00e1no najdou d\u00e1rek, sladkosti, ovoce nebo su\u0161en\u00e9 plody. V Rumunsku chod\u00ed Mos Nicolae v noci z p\u00e1t\u00e9ho na \u0161est\u00e9ho prosince a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011btem papu\u010de nebo zimn\u00ed boty napln\u011bn\u00e9 sladkostmi, drobnostmi a ovocem. Neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 d\u011bti dostanou za trest pruty. <\/strong>Spolu se sympatick\u00fdm dobrodincem jde Krampus, kter\u00fd zde tak\u00e9 zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 pruty. Tradice sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e v Polsku je kombinac\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch i v\u00fdchodn\u00edch vliv\u016f. V pol\u0161tin\u011b je to Mikolaj, kter\u00fd p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k d\u011btem 6. prosinec a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 jim doma ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch pun\u010doch\u00e1ch<\/strong> \u010dokol\u00e1du a sladkosti nebo je nav\u0161t\u011bvuje ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch a \u0161kolk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Bulharsku <\/h2>\n\n

Zde se neslav\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161, ale Nikulden. Je to jin\u00fd sv\u00e1tek.<\/strong> Nep\u0159ijde ani Mikul\u00e1\u0161, ani and\u011bl, ani \u010dert. Tato tradice nen\u00ed<\/strong> v Bulharsku zn\u00e1m\u00e1<\/strong>. Tento den se slav\u00ed jm\u00e9na Nikolas a Nikolaj, co\u017e jsou varianty jm\u00e9na Mikul\u00e1\u0161. B\u011bhem n\u011bj se jed\u00ed ryb\u00ed pokrmy<\/strong>, nej\u010dast\u011bji kapr s n\u00e1divkou. Je napln\u011bn\u00e1 houbami, cibul\u00ed, mrkv\u00ed, r\u00fd\u017e\u00ed a ko\u0159en\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n

Jak je vid\u011bt, mnoh\u00e9 prvky <\/strong>mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00fdch oslav jsou si dosti podobn\u00e9<\/strong>, ale m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat i v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. <\/strong>Tradice se sbli\u017euj\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zem\u011bpisn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. <\/p>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 tradice dodr\u017e<\/strong> ujete na Mikul\u00e1\u0161e doma se sv\u00fdmi rodinami a bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi? <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed je \u010das, kdy u\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt c\u00edtit atmosf\u00e9ra bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se V\u00e1noc. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech tradic i zde plat\u00ed: jin\u00fd kraj, jin\u00fd mrav. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":100998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,225],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 rozd\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00e1rky ? obvykle v noci od 5. do 6. prosince nejen d\u011bti. Jak\u00e9 jsou tradice v Nizozemsku, ?? N\u011bmecku ?? a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch? ","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nJak se ve sv\u011bt\u011b slav\u00ed svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161? - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 je dnem, kdy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra v pln\u00e9m proudu. 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