{"id":28107,"date":"2019-10-22T16:15:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T14:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/mobilita-pracovnich-sil-v-roce-2020\/"},"modified":"2023-01-13T10:55:09","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T09:55:09","slug":"mobilita-pracovnich-sil-v-roce-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/cs\/mobilita-pracovnich-sil-v-roce-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobilita pracovn\u00edch sil v roce 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mobilita pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly je jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat vysok\u00fd po\u010det neobsazen\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v dob\u011b, kdy je velk\u00fd po\u010det nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch. Vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obecn\u011b negativn\u00ed dopad na mobilitu pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obavy a nejistotu, zda si najdou novou pr\u00e1ci nebo si udr\u017e\u00ed tu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle demografick\u00fdch progn\u00f3z se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed, po\u010d\u00ednaje rokem 2020, opust\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 milion\u016f pracovn\u00edk\u016f. A\u017e 86 % zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f nyn\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s obsazov\u00e1n\u00edm voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. M\u00edra zam\u011bstnanosti do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dostupnosti pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou dlouhodobou \u00fa\u010dast na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 proto od zam\u011bstnanc\u016f st\u00e1le v\u00edce o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed a up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed flexibilitu a ochotu u\u010dit se p\u0159ed \u00fazkou specializac\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Firmy se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed situaci na trhu pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n

Nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ohro\u017eovat dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst podnik\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie zam\u011bstnanosti Slovensk\u00e9 republiky (Evropa 2020) je, aby v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce dos\u00e1hlo terci\u00e1rn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed alespo\u0148 40 % pracuj\u00edc\u00edch ve v\u011bku 30-34 let. V t\u00e9to oblasti nov\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU v\u00fdrazn\u011b zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za star\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. C\u00edle dos\u00e1hlo deset zem\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nov\u00e1\u010dky jsou pouze Estonsko, Litva a Kypr. Na Slovensku m\u011blo v roce 2010 terci\u00e1rn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed 22,1 % pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, zat\u00edmco v roce 2016 to bylo 15,1 %. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u011bla v roce 2010 20,4 % a v roce 2016 18,9 %. <\/p>\n

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Zdroj: eurostat.sk<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed terci\u00e1rn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto vede k obsazov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst kvalifikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pracovn\u00edky, ne\u017e je pot\u0159eba. Nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm jevem rostouc\u00edho po\u010dtu instituc\u00ed terci\u00e1rn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je i jejich kvalita. Instituce st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji produkuj\u00ed absolventy se v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou vhodn\u00ed pro obsazen\u00ed voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch odborn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Odpov\u011bdnost za to, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanci absolvuj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u0161kolen\u00ed a z\u00edskaj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 dovednosti, je n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159enesena na zam\u011bstnavatele. <\/p>\n\n

\n

„Je t\u0159eba nastavit vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m tak, aby byly pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b a dlouhodob\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159eny podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159\u00edsun kvalifikovan\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Pokud se z\u00e1jem st\u00e1tu neprom\u011bn\u00ed ve skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010diny, potenci\u00e1l konkurenceschopnosti Slovensk\u00e9 republiky se nebezpe\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Prezident Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Nad\u00e1le plat\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee vzhledem k nedostatku zam\u011bstnanc\u016f se podniky p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed situaci na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Budou ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyj\u00edt vst\u0159\u00edc specifick\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm, aby z\u00edskali dobr\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 budou ochotni slevit ze sv\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Existuje tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Spole\u010dnosti tak budou m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 v tom, co od budouc\u00edho zam\u011bstnance po\u017eaduj\u00ed. Testovat se bude m\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed, a proto bude i m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch kol. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neplat\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u011b, ale podle pr\u016fzkumu ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina firem za\u010dala p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo praxi pro danou pracovn\u00ed pozici s t\u00edm, \u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Mobilita pracovn\u00edch sil ovlivn\u00ed tak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 aspekty<\/h2>\n\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly bude m\u00edt dopad na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst a prosperitu. Udr\u017een\u00ed vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou strategickou v\u00fdzvou s ohledem na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu. Abychom si i nad\u00e1le udr\u017eeli \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 v Evropsk\u00e9 unii, mus\u00edme zv\u00fd\u0161it zam\u011bstnanost ve v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch, zv\u00fd\u0161it produktivitu pr\u00e1ce a tak\u00e9 se zamyslet nad prodlou\u017een\u00edm pracovn\u00ed doby. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b obyvatelstva a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst je tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokladem dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje ekonomiky v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce, co\u017e by m\u011blo v\u00e9st k odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek r\u016fstu nezam\u011bstnanosti. Usiluje o zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupen\u00fdch skupin pracovn\u00edk\u016f na trhu pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n

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„Hlavn\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou Slovenska na sv\u011btov\u00e9m trhu jsou velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu v kombinaci s vysokou dostupnost\u00ed vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. To \u010din\u00ed Slovensko zaj\u00edmavou zem\u00ed pro investory ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Marketingov\u00fd mana\u017eer ve spole\u010dnosti Manpower<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

N\u00edzk\u00e1 mobilita dom\u00e1c\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly spolu s nedostatkem kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f nut\u00ed firmy hledat lidi v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edjezd zahrani\u010dn\u00edch student\u016f je jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak do zem\u011b p\u0159iv\u00e9st pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu v r\u00e1mci regulovan\u00e9 mobility. Proto v posledn\u00edch letech roste po\u010det zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f o des\u00edtky procent a zvy\u0161uje se po\u010det dlouhodob\u011b nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. V\u00fdrazn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 situace sni\u017euje motivaci lid\u00ed k odchodu do zahrani\u010d\u00ed a naopak. <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n

\u010c\u00e1st prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se nerovnov\u00e1hy na trhu pr\u00e1ce je zp\u016fsobena demotivuj\u00edc\u00edmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi d\u00e1vkami, etnick\u00fdmi specifiky n\u011bkter\u00fdch region\u016f Slovenska nebo pok\u0159ivenou hodnotovou orientac\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f. <\/strong>V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem probl\u00e9m\u016f na trhu pr\u00e1ce je nevytvo\u0159en\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pro dlouhodob\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu nov\u00fdch, produktivn\u00edch a produktivn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by mohli b\u00fdt zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni na trhu pr\u00e1ce. <\/strong>p\u0159evy\u0161uje po\u010det zru\u0161en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/strong> C\u00edlem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie zam\u011bstnanosti je do roku 2030 zajistit zdrav\u00fd \u017eivot, zlep\u0161it kvalitu pro v\u0161echny bez ohledu na v\u011bk, podpo\u0159it hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst a produktivn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanost a zajistit udr\u017eitelnou spot\u0159ebu a v\u00fdrobu. <\/p>\n\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomika je v dob\u011b globalizace nevyhnuteln\u00e1 <\/h2>\n\n

Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee do dvou desetilet\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt automatizov\u00e1no a\u017e 30 % pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Digitalizace pr\u016fmyslu ji\u017e za\u010dala v sousedn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. V tomto ohledu bude d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podporovat v\u011bdu a v\u00fdzkum v rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch technologi\u00edch, jako je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, super v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika (HPC) nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad blockchain (dynamick\u00e1 \u0161ifrovan\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze). Z mnoha pr\u016fzkum\u016f v\u0161ak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se dnes ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dvou v\u011bc\u00ed: strachu ze ztr\u00e1ty zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a strachu z toho, \u017ee n\u00e1s „ovl\u00e1dne“ um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. V\u00fdzkum tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti letech um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e 70 % pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst na Slovensku. <\/p>\n\n

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„Podle Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj bude a\u017e 65 % dne\u0161n\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f pracovat v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edch, kter\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b neexistuj\u00ed nebo se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00edme mezi zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 budou v\u00fdvojem nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed nejv\u00edce zasa\u017eeny.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti Microsoft<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Velk\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem je, \u017ee po roce 2020 bude trh pr\u00e1ce kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na inovace a personalizaci v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Od modelu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na loajalit\u011b a firemn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti intern\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f se p\u0159ejde k extern\u00edm t\u00fdm\u016fm odborn\u00edk\u016f se zku\u0161enostmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi k realizaci projekt\u016f. St\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz bude kladen na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 projekty nam\u00edsto dlouhodob\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed u jednoho zam\u011bstnavatele. Lid\u00e9 budou vedeni touhou odv\u00e1d\u011bt dobrou a kvalitn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a budou schopni dos\u00e1hnout spole\u010dn\u00e9ho c\u00edle prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sebeorganizace. Hroz\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee se od tradi\u010dn\u00edho modelu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed shora dol\u016f p\u0159esuneme k opa\u010dn\u00e9mu modelu zdola nahoru. Mana\u017ee\u0159i tak nebudou st\u00e1lou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed projekt\u016f jako dnes, ale budou p\u0159\u00edtomni pouze v ur\u010dit\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch projekt\u016f. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f se bude posuzovat podle jejich schopnosti budovat vztahy, komunikovat a efektivn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my v t\u00fdmech. Konkurenceschopnost bude v budoucnu kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u00fasp\u011bchu. <\/p>\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou roli na trhu pr\u00e1ce hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 person\u00e1ln\u00ed agentury<\/a> specializovan\u00e9 na ur\u010dit\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed nebo profese. Uchaze\u010di o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed (i z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed) s nimi maj\u00ed mo\u017enost podepsat dohodu o zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Jejich jm\u00e9nem bude tak\u00e9 podporov\u00e1na mobilita pracovn\u00edch sil, aby se \u0159e\u0161ila nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed a aby se zam\u011bstnavatel\u016fm pomohlo naj\u00edt dovednosti, kter\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed, ale nemohou je naj\u00edt na m\u00edstn\u00edm trhu pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mobilita pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly je jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat vysok\u00fd po\u010det neobsazen\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v dob\u011b, kdy je velk\u00fd po\u010det nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch. Vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obecn\u011b negativn\u00ed dopad na mobilitu pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obavy a nejistotu, zda si najdou novou pr\u00e1ci nebo si udr\u017e\u00ed tu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":23574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218,219,255],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nMobilita pracovn\u00edch sil v roce 2020 - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nedostatek vhodn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ohro\u017eovat dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst podnik\u016f. Kvalifika\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na zam\u011bstnance nejsou vysok\u00e9. 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