{"id":28466,"date":"2020-01-08T13:11:45","date_gmt":"2020-01-08T12:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/jak-brexit-ovlivni-trh-prace-v-evropske-unii\/"},"modified":"2022-08-26T11:51:20","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T09:51:20","slug":"jak-brexit-ovlivni-trh-prace-v-evropske-unii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/cs\/jak-brexit-ovlivni-trh-prace-v-evropske-unii\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak brexit ovlivn\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce v Evropsk\u00e9 unii?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po brexitu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s v Evropsk\u00e9 unii \u010dek\u00e1 ji\u017e druh\u00fdm rokem, dojde k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu, pohybu osob, zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. Budou m\u00edt zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 z brexitu prosp\u011bch? Jak\u00e1 jsou negativa a pozitiva odchodu Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie z Evropsk\u00e9 unie? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle nov\u00e9 studie by tvrd\u00fd brexit, tedy odchod Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) bez dohody, nejv\u00edce zas\u00e1hl trh pr\u00e1ce na Malt\u011b, v Irsku, Belgii a na Slovensku. Tyto zem\u011b maj\u00ed s Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 38 % potravin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e velk\u00fd pod\u00edl na dovozu potravin m\u00e1 EU. Tato otev\u0159enost v\u0161ak brzy skon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vystoupen\u00ed Brit\u00e1nie z EU bude m\u00edt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Podle studie belgick\u00e9 Katolick\u00e9 univerzity v Lovani se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vystoupen\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z EU by m\u011blo fat\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro ekonomiku cel\u00e9 Evropy. A\u017e 1,2 milionu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde v sou\u010dasnosti pracuj\u00ed, by mohlo kv\u016fli brexitu p\u0159ij\u00edt o pr\u00e1ci. Proto\u017ee je evropsk\u00fd trh tak siln\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00fd, brexit se dotkne n\u00e1s v\u0161ech. Tvrd\u00fd brexit by m\u011bl dopad na r\u016fzn\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed by nejv\u00edce utrp\u011blo v Braz\u00edlii a Bulharsku, automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl v N\u011bmecku a \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a maloobchod a velkoobchod v Belgii a Rakousku. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"
NEGATIVN\u00cd D\u016eSLEDKY BREXITU NA V\u00ddVOZ Z EU<\/strong> (zdroj: Funcas<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

„V dne\u0161n\u00edm globalizovan\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee pokud by byl nedostatek ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu zbo\u017e\u00ed, prostor na trhu by byl ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f velmi rychle zapln\u011bn konkuren\u010dn\u00ed nab\u00eddkou, a to bu\u010f z \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed EU, nebo preferen\u010dn\u00edm dovozem.“ <\/p>

– Mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

Jednotn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd trh je zalo\u017een na principu voln\u00e9ho pohybu zbo\u017e\u00ed, osob, slu\u017eeb a kapit\u00e1lu. Po odchodu Brit\u00e1nie z EU p\u0159estane dohoda platit. Jeho odchod spust\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec, kter\u00fd se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pot\u00e1hne n\u011bkolik let a postupn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed n\u00e1s v\u0161echny. Paradoxem je, \u017ee brexit ovlivn\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce i samotn\u00e9 Brity. Podle belgick\u00e9 studie by v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl milionu z nich mohlo p\u0159ij\u00edt o pr\u00e1ci. To bude m\u00edt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad i na dal\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. O pr\u00e1ci by mohlo p\u0159ij\u00edt 291 000 N\u011bmc\u016f, 141 000 Francouz\u016f, 139 000 Ital\u016f a 122 000 Pol\u00e1k\u016f. Odchod Brit\u00e1nie z EU samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159inese \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e 1,2 milionu lid\u00ed p\u0159ijde o pr\u00e1ci<\/h2>\n\n

Mnoz\u00ed analytici p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee nezam\u011bstnanost v Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e1 se v sou\u010dasnosti pohybuje kolem 5 %, co\u017e je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 za posledn\u00edch 10 let, po vystoupen\u00ed z EU vzroste. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zpomalen\u00ed bude m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopad i na mzdy. Britsk\u00fd N\u00e1rodn\u00ed institut pro ekonomick\u00fd a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzkum p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mzdy budou po odchodu z EU do roku 2030 o 2,2-7 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kdyby Brit\u00e1nie v bloku z\u016fstala. To je v rozporu s tvrzen\u00edmi zast\u00e1nc\u016f brexitu, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee trh pr\u00e1ce bude po odchodu z Unie dynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud ho nebudou omezovat evropsk\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
P\u0158EDPOKL\u00c1DAN\u00c9 ZTR\u00c1TY<\/strong> (zdroj: Funcas<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Referendum ovlivnila tak\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed krize, kter\u00e1 nastala v roce 2016. N\u011bmecko cht\u011blo kv\u00f3ty a migra\u010dn\u00ed krizi \u0159e\u0161it prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu EU-Turecko. To by znamenalo dobrovoln\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed migrant\u016f z Turecka. Ot\u00e1zkou se stalo i vystoupen\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie z EU, nebo\u0165 podle statistik p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce migrant\u016f ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t EU (v\u010detn\u011b N\u011bmecka). Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm referenda za\u010daly zahrani\u010dn\u00ed banky s pobo\u010dkami v Lond\u00fdn\u011b kalkulovat s jejich p\u0159esunem do jin\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n

„V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed pracovn\u00edci ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st britsk\u00e9 ekonomiky a trh pr\u00e1ce je hladov\u00fd po nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle. Pokud nedojde ke katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed recesi, nebude velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem zp\u016fsobovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm probl\u00e9my, a\u0165 u\u017e se odehraje jak\u00fdkoli sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159,“. <\/p>

– Analytik Institutu ekonomick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch anal\u00fdz<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tvrd\u00e9ho brexitu by Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,2 milionu pracovn\u00edk\u016f z cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1. Tento krok by byl pro britskou ekonomiku obrovsk\u00fdm \u0161okem, kter\u00fd by mohl m\u00edt fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. <\/p>\n\n

Brit\u00e1nie jako „t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b“<\/h2>\n\n

Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee i v budoucnu p\u016fsobit jako „t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b“ podle pravidel WTO (Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by si stanovila vlastn\u00ed pravidla migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zavedou n\u011bjak\u00fd bodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, jako m\u00e1 Austr\u00e1lie, a zam\u011bstnanci ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed budou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni p\u0159ednostn\u011b podle schopnost\u00ed. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou je, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z Unie budou moci v Brit\u00e1nii bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f pracovat, ale nebudou moci dost\u00e1vat nap\u0159\u00edklad soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky. Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee odpor v\u016f\u010di migrant\u016fm v t\u00e9to zemi vych\u00e1zel sp\u00ed\u0161e z neochoty vypl\u00e1cet tyto d\u00e1vky. Na druhou stranu existuj\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 Britov\u00e9 nejsou ochotni vykon\u00e1vat, tak\u017ee budou i nad\u00e1le pot\u0159ebovat pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"
ZTR\u00c1TY HDP Z D\u016eVODU „NEDOTACE“<\/strong> (zdroj: Funcas<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

„Brexit vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nejistotu pro investory a ovliv\u0148uje hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst t\u00edm, \u017ee oddaluje nebo dokonce geograficky p\u0159esouv\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00ed a rozvojov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Dopad brexitu je pro Evropu a jej\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst jednozna\u010dn\u011b negativn\u00ed.“ <\/p>

– \u010clen p\u0159edstavenstva a \u0159editel odboru \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed investic DSS Po\u0161tov\u00e9 banky<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

Odchod Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z Evropsk\u00e9 unie se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nevyhnuteln\u00fd, a proto bude na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem tuto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt a pokusit se maximalizovat jej\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed dopad na ekonomiku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude nutn\u00e9 minimalizovat negativn\u00ed dopady odchodu Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Britsk\u00e9 firmy tak budou nuceny p\u0159esunout svou v\u00fdrobu a provoz, aby si zachovaly konkurenceschopnost. Britsk\u00e9 firmy tak budou m\u00edt eminentn\u00ed z\u00e1jem o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pobo\u010dek v Evrop\u011b. Po vystoupen\u00ed z Unie z\u016fstanou parametry migrace nezm\u011bn\u011bny a v r\u00e1mci Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nedojde ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed flexibility. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po brexitu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s v Evropsk\u00e9 unii \u010dek\u00e1 ji\u017e druh\u00fdm rokem, dojde k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu, pohybu osob, zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. Budou m\u00edt zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 z brexitu prosp\u011bch? Jak\u00e1 jsou negativa a pozitiva odchodu Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie z Evropsk\u00e9 unie?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":24281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218,219],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nJak brexit ovlivn\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce v Evropsk\u00e9 unii? - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Po brexitu dojde k velk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu, pohybu osob, zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. 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