{"id":101675,"date":"2022-12-05T18:08:14","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T17:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/cum-este-sarbatorit-sfantul-nicolae-in-lume\/"},"modified":"2023-08-02T10:44:06","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T08:44:06","slug":"cum-este-sarbatorit-sfantul-nicolae-in-lume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/ro\/cum-este-sarbatorit-sfantul-nicolae-in-lume\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum este s\u0103rb\u0103torit Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een lume?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fiecare copil a\u0219teapt\u0103 cu ner\u0103bdare ziua \u00een care un b\u0103rbat cu p\u0103rul alb <\/strong>, simpatic \u0219i \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een ro\u0219u<\/strong>, vine s\u0103 ofere cadouri. Mai mici \u0219i mai mari, dar entuzia\u0219tii pot fi g\u0103si\u021bi \u0219i \u00een r\u00e2ndul adul\u021bilor. Ca \u00een orice situa\u021bie, exist\u0103 o zical\u0103 care se aplic\u0103 la celebrarea acestei zile: \u021aar\u0103 diferit\u0103, moravuri diferite<\/strong>. S\u0103rb\u0103toarea difer\u0103 de la \u021bar\u0103 la \u021bar\u0103, undeva sunt mai multe diferen\u021be, undeva mai pu\u021bine<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 ve\u021bi petrece acest sezon festiv lucr\u00e2nd \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, v\u0103 va fi util s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi cum este s\u0103rb\u0103torit \u00een acele \u021b\u0103ri. \u00cen acela\u0219i mod, \u00een fiecare stat, figura care comemoreaz\u0103 bunicul drag se nume\u0219te diferit. \u00cen Slovacia \u0219i \u00een Republica Ceh\u0103 este cunoscut sub numele de Nicolae. <\/p>\n\n

Cum a ap\u0103rut totul? <\/h2>\n\n

Nicolae a fost un episcop<\/strong> care a tr\u0103it \u0219i a lucrat \u00een Myra, \u00een ceea ce este ast\u0103zi Turcia. De\u0219i am c\u0103uta \u00een zadar acest ora\u0219 sub acest nume, \u00eel g\u0103sim \u00een apropiere de Demre, \u00een populara sta\u021biune de vacan\u021b\u0103 Antalya<\/strong>. Legenda spune c\u0103 Nicolae a ajutat un om s\u0103rac<\/strong> care avea trei fiice. A fost aproape obligat s\u0103 le transforme \u00een prostituate din cauza lipsei sale de avere. Pentru c\u0103 nu le putea oferi zestre. La acea vreme, regulile erau c\u0103 o femeie nu se putea c\u0103s\u0103tori f\u0103r\u0103 ele. <\/p>\n\n

Nicolas a r\u0103mas orfan<\/strong> la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103 \u0219i a mo\u0219tenit o avere mare<\/strong> de la p\u0103rin\u021bii s\u0103i. Se spune c\u0103 a pus o bucat\u0103 sau un sac de aur (sursele variaz\u0103) la fereastra casei omului, lucru care s-a repetat de trei ori. Acest lucru i-a salvat familia. Datorit\u0103 acestui fapt, s-a n\u0103scut tradi\u021bia de a oferi cadouri. Ziua \u00een care a murit este s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u00een majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor ca Ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. Generozitatea \u0219i bun\u0103tatea<\/strong> lui sunt amintite. Se spune c\u0103 d\u0103ruirea de dulciuri \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een Olanda,<\/strong> de unde s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een America de Nord. A doua versiune este c\u0103 obiceiul a venit din Germania<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

Ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00een Olanda <\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen limba olandez\u0103, numele celui care d\u0103ruie\u0219te este Sinterklaas<\/strong>. Deja \u00een prima s\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 dup\u0103 ora 11. \u00cen noiembrie sose\u0219te cu vaporul din Spania<\/strong>, unde locuie\u0219te pentru restul anului. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Petru cel Negru<\/strong>, care \u00eel \u00eenlocuie\u0219te pe diavol (tipic altor culturi), vin s\u0103 \u00eei r\u0103spl\u0103teasc\u0103 pe copiii cumin\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei certe pe cei neascult\u0103tori. Povestea spune c\u0103 Petru cel Negru \u00eei distreaz\u0103 pe copiii ascult\u0103tori \u0219i \u00eei ia cu el \u00een sac pe cei care sunt \u00eempotriv\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Ora\u0219ele olandeze s\u0103rb\u0103toresc aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare \u00eentr-un mod diferit. De\u0219i peste tot exist\u0103 parade <\/strong>\u00een timpul c\u0103rora Sinterklaas \u00eei viziteaz\u0103, acesta sose\u0219te cu diferite mijloace de transport <\/strong>. Uneori ajunge cu barca, alteori cu calul sau cu tr\u0103sura, alteori chiar cu elicopterul. Viziteaz\u0103 spitale \u0219i \u0219coli, unde face dona\u021bii pentru copii. \u00cen schimb, las\u0103 un castron cu ap\u0103, morcovi sau f\u00e2n pentru ca renii lui s\u0103 se r\u0103coreasc\u0103. \u00cen ajunul s\u0103rb\u0103torii, familiile se adun\u0103 pentru o cin\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103. Pe mas\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u0219i pr\u0103jituri \u00een form\u0103 de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Ei se bucur\u0103 de dulciuri de mar\u021bipan \u0219i turt\u0103 dulce cu migdale. Dup\u0103 ce Sinterklaas livreaz\u0103 pachetul, se spune c\u0103 se \u00eentoarce din portul Rotterdam \u00een Spania. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Belgia <\/h2>\n\n

La fel ca \u00een Olanda, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae este \u00eenso\u021bit de un ajutor, Petru cel Negru<\/strong>. Legendele str\u0103vechi sus\u021bin c\u0103 ei vin \u00eempreun\u0103 din Spania. Iar copiii cred c\u0103 ei tr\u0103iesc acolo cu piticii. Ei ajung \u00een Belgia pe 5. decembrie pe cai albi<\/strong>, c\u0103l\u0103rind pe acoperi\u0219uri \u0219i trimi\u021b\u00e2nd cadouri copiilor prin hornuri. Figura ajutorului nu reprezint\u0103 o fiin\u021b\u0103 malefic\u0103 \u0219i nici nu este un simbol al diavolului. Copiii belgieni primesc cadouri mai mari \u0219i mai valoroase <\/strong>de aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare, iar de Cr\u0103ciun sunt d\u0103rui\u021bi cu lucruri mici \u0219i dulciuri. Unele familii las\u0103 ap\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 \u0219emineu pentru caii Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae, iar unii copii \u00ee\u0219i conving p\u0103rin\u021bii s\u0103 lase o halb\u0103 de bere pentru Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Preg\u0103tirile pentru aceast\u0103 zi festiv\u0103 \u00eencep la \u00eenceputul lunii noiembrie <\/strong>. Cum Belgia este cunoscut\u0103 ca \u021bara ciocolatei<\/strong>, magazinele sunt pline de figurine de ciocolat\u0103 de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Cele mai mari dintre ele au o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de peste o jum\u0103tate de metru. <\/p>\n\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Germania<\/h2>\n\n

S\u0103rb\u0103torile variaz\u0103 de la o regiune la alta. \u00cen Bavaria<\/strong>, Mo\u0219 Nicolae este \u00eenso\u021bit de terifiantul Krampus<\/strong>. \u00cen celelalte landuri, este \u00eenso\u021bit de servitorul Ruprecht <\/strong>. At\u00e2t Krampus, c\u00e2t \u0219i Ruprecht sunt sinonime cu diavolul,<\/strong> dar Ruprecht nu este at\u00e2t de \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor. Ace\u0219tia \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei sperie pe copii pentru a evita un comportament obraznic \u00een viitor. Mai multe landuri sunt cunoscute pentru copiii care \u00ee\u0219i pun f\u00e2n \u0219i morcovi \u00een pantofi pentru caii sau renii Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. Este tradi\u021bional s\u0103 se m\u0103n\u00e2nce produse de patiserie din aluat de drojdie \u00een form\u0103 de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae, ceea ce este similar cu tradi\u021bia olandez\u0103. Un alt fel de m\u00e2ncare tipic \u00een aceast\u0103 zi sunt merele coapte<\/strong> cu crem\u0103 de vanilie umplute cu nuci, stafide \u0219i zah\u0103r sau cl\u0103tite. <\/p>\n\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Austria <\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen seara dinaintea s\u0103rb\u0103torii Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae<\/strong> , un personaj \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een costum de episcop, numit Nicolae , se plimb\u0103 pe str\u0103zile ora\u0219ului. El nu merge singur, ci este \u00eenso\u021bit de un grup de krampus<\/strong>, figuri fantomatice cu m\u0103\u0219ti de lemn, haine de blan\u0103 \u0219i clopote de vaci care bat, \u00eenarmate cu crengi \u0219i cenu\u0219\u0103 pentru a-i pedepsi pe cei care au fost r\u0103i. \u00cen Austria <\/strong>, Krampus este o figur\u0103 tipic\u0103 a sezonului Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae, ca \u0219i \u00een Bavaria. Ritualul Mar\u0219ului Diavolilor<\/strong>, a\u0219a cum este cunoscut\u0103 procesiunea, s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Austria din satele alpine<\/strong> \u0219i a devenit foarte popular \u00een ultimele decenii. Particip\u0103 sute de vizitatori din \u00eentreaga regiune. Cu toate acestea, \u00een alte locuri, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00eenc\u0103 merge din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 pentru a vizita familiile. \u00cenainte de a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi pungile cu cadouri, \u00eei ascult\u0103 pe copii \u0219i le spune s\u0103 se descurce mai bine anul viitor.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00een Ungaria <\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen Ungaria, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae viziteaz\u0103 copiii din \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103 \u00een seara zilei de 6 decembrie<\/strong>. \u00cen loc de ciorapi deasupra \u0219emineului, copiii \u00ee\u0219i pun pantofii la fereastr\u0103<\/strong> pentru a-i umple \u00een func\u021bie de faptul c\u0103 au fost cumin\u021bi sau nu \u00een timpul anului. \u00cen vremuri mai vechi, copiii ascult\u0103tori erau recompensa\u021bi cu o selec\u021bie de dulciuri, fructe de sezon \u0219i nuci. \u00cen prezent, primesc mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin dulciuri \u0219i ciocolat\u0103. Unul dintre lucrurile pe care le vor g\u0103si \u00een pachetul lor este ciocolata \u00een form\u0103 de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Copiilor neascult\u0103tori li se d\u0103 un toiag care<\/strong> seam\u0103n\u0103 cu o mic\u0103 m\u0103tur\u0103 f\u0103cut\u0103 din crengi,<\/strong> simboliz\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 vor primi o pedeaps\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Bine\u00een\u021beles, nimeni nu este doar bun sau doar r\u0103u, a\u0219a c\u0103, de obicei, copiii g\u0103sesc at\u00e2t bun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i tije<\/strong> \u00een pantof. Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae viziteaz\u0103 gr\u0103dini\u021bele \u0219i \u0219colile (chiar \u0219i universit\u0103\u021bile). Copiii preg\u0103tesc c\u00e2ntece \u0219i poezii <\/strong>pe care le c\u00e2nt\u0103 \u0219i le recit\u0103. Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae este \u00eenso\u021bit de personajul Krampus, care are sarcina de a-i speria pe copiii neascult\u0103tori. Ei au ocazia s\u0103 stea pe genunchii Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u0219i s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 cu el despre comportamentul lor din timpul anului. Chiar \u0219i adul\u021bii poart\u0103 peste tot p\u0103l\u0103rii de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae<\/strong> \u00een aceast\u0103 zi. Aceste tradi\u021bii sunt foarte asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u0219i \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

Ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00een Croa\u021bia, Rom\u00e2nia, Polonia <\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen Croa\u021bia, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae este \u00eenso\u021bit \u0219i de diavolul Krampus. \u00cen acela\u0219i mod, copiii \u00ee\u0219i preg\u0103tesc \u00een ajun pantofii cura\u021bi<\/strong> la fereastr\u0103, \u00een care vor g\u0103si diminea\u021ba un cadou, dulciuri, fructe sau fructe uscate. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, Mo\u0219 Nicolae se plimb\u0103 l\u0103s\u00e2nd copiilor papuci sau ghetu\u021be de iarn\u0103 pline cu dulciuri, nuiele \u0219i fructe \u00een noaptea de 5 spre 6 decembrie. Copiilor neascult\u0103tori li se vor da nuiele <\/strong>ca pedeaps\u0103. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu simpaticul binef\u0103c\u0103tor merge \u0219i Krampus, care las\u0103 \u0219i el tije aici. Tradi\u021bia zilei de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Polonia este o combina\u021bie de influen\u021be occidentale \u0219i orientale. \u00cen polonez\u0103, Nicolae este cel care vine la copiii \u00een 6 decembrie \u0219i le las\u0103 ciocolat\u0103 \u0219i dulciuri \u00een ciorapii de Cr\u0103ciun<\/strong> de acas\u0103 sau \u00eei viziteaz\u0103 \u00een \u0219coli \u0219i gr\u0103dini\u021be.<\/p>\n\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Bulgaria <\/h2>\n\n

Aici nu este s\u0103rb\u0103torit Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae, ci Nikulden. Este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare diferit\u0103 <\/strong>. Nu vine nici Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae, nici \u00eengerul, nici diavolul. Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie nu este cunoscut\u0103<\/strong> \u00een Bulgaria. Aceast\u0103 zi este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare a numelor Nikolas \u0219i Nikolai, care sunt variante ale numelui Nicholas. \u00cen timpul acestuia, se m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 preparate din pe\u0219te<\/strong>, cel mai adesea crap cu umplutur\u0103. Este umplut cu ciuperci, ceap\u0103, morcovi, orez \u0219i condimente. <\/p>\n\n

Dup\u0103 cum se poate observa, multe elemente<\/strong> ale s\u0103rb\u0103torii de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae sunt destul de asem\u0103n\u0103toare<\/strong>, dar putem observa \u0219i diferen\u021be <\/strong>notabile. Tradi\u021biile converg \u00een func\u021bie de \u021b\u0103rile care sunt apropiate geografic. <\/p>\n\n

Ce tradi\u021bii<\/strong> practica\u021bi de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae acas\u0103, al\u0103turi de familiile \u0219i apropia\u021bii vo\u0219tri? <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Perioada Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae este momentul \u00een care atmosfera Cr\u0103ciunului care se apropie \u00eencepe deja s\u0103 se simt\u0103. Ca \u00een cazul tuturor tradi\u021biilor, acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i aici: regiune diferit\u0103, moral\u0103 diferit\u0103. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":101012,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,81],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae ofer\u0103 cadouri ? de obicei noaptea de pe 5 pe 6 decembrie, nu doar copiilor. Care sunt tradi\u021biile din Olanda, ?? Germania ?? \u0219i din alte \u021b\u0103ri? 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