{"id":14128,"date":"2019-11-13T08:01:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T07:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/curba-demografica-afecteaza-lucratorii\/"},"modified":"2020-03-06T14:10:45","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T13:10:45","slug":"curba-demografica-afecteaza-lucratorii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/ro\/curba-demografica-afecteaza-lucratorii\/","title":{"rendered":"Curba demografic\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 lucr\u0103torii?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00cen prezent, una din problemele cele mai grave, dar nu at\u00e2t de populare, este cea a \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii popula\u021biei. \u00cen Uniunea European\u0103, se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 indicatori problematici cu privire la rata natalit\u0103\u021bii, ceea ce cre\u0219te viitorul for\u021bei de munc\u0103 nu numai \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i Uniunea European\u0103 se extinde pentru a include noi state membre \u0219i bun\u0103starea cet\u0103\u021benilor cre\u0219te, trebuie s\u0103 se lupte cu aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. Mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin, sugarii sunt pu\u0219i \u00een pericol de pia\u021ba muncii, de sistemul de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i de sistemul de pensii. Rapoartele demografice avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 popula\u021bia european\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 dispar\u0103 \u00eencet. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, studiile indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 europenii ar fi interesa\u021bi s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 mai mul\u021bi descenden\u021bi. Dar doar dac\u0103 sunt suficien\u021bi din punct de vedere economic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vom fi martori la criza demografic\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Este o ipotez\u0103 important\u0103 faptul c\u0103 \u00een decadele urm\u0103toare vom asista la o criz\u0103 demografic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 precedent. Datorit\u0103 ratelor de natalitate reduse, a tinerilor care pleac\u0103 \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, din cauza cre\u0219terii speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i alien\u0103rii, putem s\u0103 devenim una din cele mai \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite societ\u0103\u021bi din Uniunea European\u0103. Desigur, \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea popula\u021biei reprezint\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 toate na\u021biunile dezvoltate ale lumii, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu este doar problema noastr\u0103. \u00cen termenii prognozelor demografice, \u021b\u0103rile din Europa de Vest \u0219i de Nord sunt semnificativ mai bine dec\u00e2t \u021b\u0103rile din Europa de Sud \u0219i de Est. Solu\u021bia pentru criza demografic\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 includ\u0103 m\u0103suri economice, m\u0103suri active de ocupare a for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103suri familiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
DEZVOLTAREA ESTIMAT\u0102 A POPULA\u021aIEI<\/strong> (surs\u0103: Eurostat<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen timp ce \u021b\u0103ri precum Norvegia, Danemarca \u0219i Irlanda vor \u00eenregistra o cre\u0219tere a popula\u021biei, Finlanda va cre\u0219te popula\u021bia printr-o popula\u021bie stabil\u0103. Dup\u0103 2030, Slovacia se a\u0219teapt\u0103 la o dispari\u021bie treptat\u0103 \u0219i la o \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire simultan\u0103 a popula\u021biei, fiind o \u021bar\u0103 din Europa de Vest \u0219i de Nord. Ast\u0103zi suntem printre cele mai tinere pericole privind popula\u021bia \u0219i suntem \u0219i mai b\u0103tr\u00e2ni dec\u00e2t ceilal\u021bi. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2060, vom fi una dintre na\u021biunile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite din Europa. Acest lucru presupune c\u0103 sistemul de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i de pensii va fi mult mai dificil. Prin urmare, \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea va avea loc \u00eentr–un mod foarte dinamic. Ve\u021bi deveni una din cele mai competente din cele mai populare popula\u021bii care cresc rapid \u00een Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
INDICELE DE DEPENDEN\u021a\u0102 A PERSOANELOR \u00ceN V\u00c2RST\u0102<\/strong> (sursa: Eurostat<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Efectul sc\u0103derii ratei natalit\u0103\u021bii va cre\u0219te \u00een mod treptat \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea popula\u021biei.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tendin\u021bele demografice din \u021b\u0103rile europene sunt prea diferite pentru a permite estimarea cre\u0219terii productivit\u0103\u021bii pe teritoriul Europei. Nu exist\u0103 nicio \u021bar\u0103 care se prezint\u0103 doar aspecte pozitive, dar unele estim\u0103ri aletendin\u021bei sunt vizibile. \u201eC\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torii\u201d demografici sunt \u021b\u0103rile de nord, dar \u0219i Germania, unde cota persoanelor \u00eentre 30-49 de ani va cre\u0219te \u00een urm\u0103toarea decad\u0103. O tendin\u021b\u0103 similar\u0103 se preconizeaz\u0103 \u00een Danemarca, Belgia, \u021a\u0103rile de Jos \u0219i Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii. Cre\u0219terea \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te productivitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est ar putea s\u0103 \u00eenceteze datorit\u0103 unei sc\u0103deri a num\u0103rului de angaja\u021bi cu v\u00e2rste \u00eentre 30-49 de ani, ca rezultat al migra\u021biei continue a acestora spre Vest. Acest lucru va fi resim\u021bit \u00een special de Republica Ceh\u0103 \u0219i Ungaria. Slovacia ar trebui s\u0103 fie cel mai pu\u021bin afectat\u0103, dar \u00een urm\u0103torii zece ani va exista \u0219i aici o sc\u0103dere a num\u0103rului de lucr\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
CRE\u0218TEREA\/SC\u0102DEREA COTEI LUCR\u0102TORILOR CU V\u00c2RSTE \u00ceNTRE 30 – 49 ANI<\/strong> (sursa: Eulerhermes<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ar putea exista c\u00e2teva motive pentru predic\u021biile nefavorabile. Rata fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een Slovacia este mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een \u021b\u0103rile din Europa de Vest \u0219i de Nord. Femeile sunt mult mai preocupate de cariere, sunt din ce \u00een ce mai pu\u021bine c\u0103s\u0103torii \u0219i rate de divor\u021b mai mari. Trebuie s\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m la acestea noi elemente de convie\u021buire, la care men\u021bion\u0103m p\u0103rin\u021bii singuri \u0219i uniunile de homosexuali. Mul\u021bi tineri pleac\u0103 \u00een \u021b\u0103ri mai bogate pentru o educa\u021bie mai bun\u0103 \u0219i pentru oportunit\u0103\u021bi de carier\u0103. Paradoxul const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 suntem bloca\u021bi pentru imigran\u021bii din alte \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i nu suntem atractivi \u00een mod special pentru ace\u0219tia. \u00cen concluzie, nu suntem singura \u021bar\u0103 care \u00eenc\u0103 se confrunt\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. ne vom confrunta cu pierderea oamenilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eDeclinul natural este mult mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een Europa dec\u00e2t \u00een SUA datorit\u0103 popula\u021biei \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, ratei mici a natalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i num\u0103rului din ce \u00een ce mai mic al femeilor fertile. Declinul natural reprezint\u0103 o preocupare politic\u0103 major\u0103 deoarece introduce rezisten\u021ba demografic\u0103 dintr-o regiune, reduc\u00e2nd viabilitatea economic\u0103 a acesteia \u0219i competitivitatea\u201d.<\/p>

– Demograful Dudley Poston \u00eempreun\u0103 cu colegii de la Universitatea A&M din Texas<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Imigrarea ca solu\u021bie la problem\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 popula\u021bia \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u0219te, vor exista mai pu\u021bine activit\u0103\u021bi de munc\u0103 \u0219i mai mul\u021bi pensionari. Poate exista \u0219i situa\u021bia \u00een care popula\u021bia va cre\u0219te, \u00eens\u0103 nivelul economic nu va crea condi\u021bii pentru o via\u021b\u0103 satisf\u0103c\u0103toare. Cu toate acestea, lucr\u0103torii str\u0103ini ar putea ajuta economia s\u0103 creasc\u0103. Ace\u0219tia sunt flexibili \u0219i se \u00eendreapt\u0103 c\u0103tre sectoarele de profesie \u00een care exist\u0103 cel mai mare deficit de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
GRAFICUL IDEAL AL CURBEI DEMOGRAFICE<\/strong> (sursa: OSN<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u021a\u0103rile din Uniunea European\u0103 care su\u021bin politica familiei \u0219i reconcilierea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba de familie \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 rate mai mari ale natalit\u0103\u021bii. Imigrarea ofer\u0103 o contribu\u021bie semnificativ\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te recuperarea \u0219i responsabilizarea popula\u021biei active la diferite niveluri de expertiz\u0103\u201d.<\/p>

– Sociologul Fran\u00e7ois H\u00e9ran <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Din punctul nostru de vedere, deschiderea grani\u021belor pentru \u021b\u0103rile ter\u021be reprezint\u0103 un mod de a evita criza demografic\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 o rat\u0103 a natalit\u0103\u021bii, imigrarea \u0219i mortalitatea cresc \u00een mod substan\u021bial, iar presiunea asupra sistemului de pensii va cre\u0219te rapid. Imigrarea poate reprezenta o condi\u021bie cheie pentru prevenirea \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii popula\u021biei \u0219i pentru pierderea for\u021bei de munc\u0103. Acest lucru nu va risca supra\u00eenc\u0103rcarea sistemului de pensii \u00een majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor din UE. Vom \u00eenregistra un impact pozitiv atunci c\u00e2nd societatea este capabil\u0103 de a administra \u0219i consolida imigrarea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen prezent, una din problemele cele mai grave, dar nu at\u00e2t de populare, este cea a \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii popula\u021biei. \u00cen Uniunea European\u0103, se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 indicatori problematici cu privire la rata natalit\u0103\u021bii, ceea ce cre\u0219te viitorul for\u021bei de munc\u0103 nu numai \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[137,138,167],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nCurba demografic\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 lucr\u0103torii? - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Impactul social al evolu\u021biei preconizate pentru structura de v\u00e2rst\u0103 a popula\u021biei va fi unul serios \u00een decadele urm\u0103toare. 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