{"id":32116,"date":"2019-10-22T16:15:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T14:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/mobilita-pracovnej-sily-v-roku-2020\/"},"modified":"2023-01-23T09:46:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T08:46:53","slug":"mobilita-pracovnej-sily-v-roku-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/ro\/mobilita-pracovnej-sily-v-roku-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 este una dintre cauzele care stau la baza \u0219omajului structural, care poate semnala un num\u0103r ridicat de locuri de munc\u0103 neocupate \u00eentr-un moment \u00een care exist\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de \u0219omeri. Cu toate acestea, ratele ridicate ale \u0219omajului pot avea, \u00een general, un efect negativ asupra mobilit\u0103\u021bii for\u021bei de munc\u0103 deoarece oamenii devin mai \u00eengrijora\u021bi \u0219i mai nesiguri \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te g\u0103sirea unui nou loc de munc\u0103 sau p\u0103strarea locului de munc\u0103 actual. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Previziunile demografice indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca aproape 10 milioane de lucr\u0103tori s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 pia\u021ba for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torul deceniu, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 2020. Nu mai pu\u021bin de 86% dintre angajatori spun c\u0103 au dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een ocuparea posturilor vacante. Ratele de ocupare a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 depind \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de disponibilitatea unei for\u021be de munc\u0103 care s\u0103 permit\u0103 o participare reu\u0219it\u0103 pe termen lung pe pia\u021ba muncii. Astfel, angajatorii a\u0219teapt\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai multe de la angaja\u021bi \u0219i prefer\u0103 flexibilitatea \u0219i dorin\u021ba de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba \u00een locul unei specializ\u0103ri \u00eenguste. <\/p>\n\n

Firmele se adapteaz\u0103 la situa\u021bia de pe pia\u021ba muncii<\/h2>\n\n

Lipsa for\u021bei de munc\u0103 calificate \u00eencepe s\u0103 reprezinte o amenin\u021bare la adresa cre\u0219terii continue a \u00eentreprinderilor. Unul dintre obiectivele Strategiei na\u021bionale de ocupare a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 a Republicii Slovace (Europa 2020) este ca cel pu\u021bin 40% din popula\u021bia activ\u0103 cu v\u00e2rste cuprinse \u00eentre 30 \u0219i 34 de ani s\u0103 urmeze studii superioare \u00een anul urm\u0103tor. \u00cen acest domeniu, noile state membre ale UE sunt mult \u00een urma vechilor state membre. Zece \u021b\u0103ri au atins acest obiectiv, \u00een timp ce doar Estonia, Lituania \u0219i Cipru sunt nou-venite. \u00cen Slovacia, 22,1% din for\u021ba de munc\u0103 a absolvit \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul ter\u021biar \u00een 2010, fa\u021b\u0103 de 15,1% \u00een 2016. Prin compara\u021bie, Republica Ceh\u0103 avea 20,4% \u00een 2010 \u0219i 18,9% \u00een 2016. <\/p>\n

\n
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Sursa: eurostat.sk<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n

Cre\u0219terea nivelului de educa\u021bie ter\u021biar\u0103 duce adesea la ocuparea locurilor de munc\u0103 cu lucr\u0103tori mai califica\u021bi dec\u00e2t este necesar. Calitatea institu\u021biilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt ter\u021biar este, de asemenea, un fenomen negativ al cre\u0219terii num\u0103rului de institu\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt ter\u021biar. Institu\u021biile produc din ce \u00een ce mai mul\u021bi absolven\u021bi cu studii generale care nu sunt potrivi\u021bi pentru a ocupa posturi vacante care necesit\u0103 formare profesional\u0103. Responsabilitatea de a se asigura c\u0103 angaja\u021bii primesc educa\u021bia \u0219i competen\u021bele necesare este apoi transferat\u0103 c\u0103tre angajatori. <\/p>\n\n

\n

„Este necesar ca sistemul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt s\u0103 fie configurat \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 fie create \u00een mod continuu \u0219i pe termen lung condi\u021biile pentru furnizarea de angaja\u021bi califica\u021bi. Dac\u0103 interesul statului nu se transform\u0103 \u00een ac\u021biuni reale, poten\u021bialul de competitivitate al Republicii Slovace se va reduce \u00een mod periculos.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Pre\u0219edinte al Asocia\u021biei Industriei Auto<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

R\u0103m\u00e2ne ipoteza c\u0103, din cauza lipsei de angaja\u021bi, firmele se vor adapta la situa\u021bia de pe pia\u021ba muncii. Ace\u0219tia vor fi mai dispu\u0219i s\u0103 se adapteze la cerin\u021bele specifice pentru a ob\u021bine un angajat bun \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, vor fi dispu\u0219i s\u0103 le relaxeze pe ale lor. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, prezum\u021bia c\u0103 procedura de selec\u021bie ar trebui s\u0103 fie mai simpl\u0103. Astfel, companiile vor fi mai pu\u021bin stricte \u00een ceea ce cer de la un poten\u021bial angajat. Vor fi mai pu\u021bine persoane de testat \u0219i, prin urmare, vor fi mai pu\u021bine runde de selec\u021bie. Desigur, acest lucru nu este universal adev\u0103rat, dar, potrivit sondajului, aproape jum\u0103tate dintre companii au \u00eenceput deja s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i revizuiasc\u0103 cerin\u021bele privind educa\u021bia sau experien\u021ba pentru un anumit loc de munc\u0103, cu condi\u021bia de a oferi cursuri de formare. <\/p>\n\n

Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 va afecta, de asemenea, aspectele economice \u0219i politice<\/h2>\n\n

Se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 deficitul de for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 calificat\u0103 va avea un impact asupra cre\u0219terii economice \u0219i a prosperit\u0103\u021bii. Men\u021binerea unei for\u021be de munc\u0103 \u00eenalt calificate devine o provocare strategic\u0103 cheie \u00een vederea asigur\u0103rii cre\u0219terii economice. Pentru a continua s\u0103 men\u021binem nivelul de trai \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 cre\u0219tem gradul de ocupare a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 la toate v\u00e2rstele, productivitatea muncii \u0219i va trebui s\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim \u0219i la cre\u0219terea timpului de lucru. Ridicarea nivelului de trai al popula\u021biei \u0219i crearea de locuri de munc\u0103 durabile reprezint\u0103, de asemenea, o condi\u021bie prealabil\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea \u00een continuare a economiei \u00een anul urm\u0103tor, ceea ce ar trebui s\u0103 duc\u0103 la eliminarea barierelor \u00een calea cre\u0219terii \u0219omajului. Acesta urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 participarea pe pia\u021ba muncii a grupurilor de lucr\u0103tori subreprezentate.<\/p>\n\n

\n

„Principalul avantaj competitiv al Slovaciei pe pia\u021ba global\u0103 este costul foarte sc\u0103zut al for\u021bei de munc\u0103, combinat cu disponibilitatea ridicat\u0103 a angaja\u021bilor cu \u00eenalt\u0103 calificare. Acest lucru face din Slovacia o \u021bar\u0103 interesant\u0103 pentru investitorii din Europa de Vest.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Manager de marketing la Manpower<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Mobilitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 na\u021bionale, combinat\u0103 cu lipsa de lucr\u0103tori califica\u021bi, oblig\u0103 firmele s\u0103 caute personal \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. Sosirea studen\u021bilor interna\u021bionali este una dintre primele modalit\u0103\u021bi de a aduce for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u00een cadrul mobilit\u0103\u021bii reglementate. De aceea, \u00een ultimii ani, num\u0103rul muncitorilor str\u0103ini a crescut cu zeci de procente, iar num\u0103rul \u0219omerilor locali pe termen lung a crescut. O situa\u021bie economic\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 reduce motiva\u021bia oamenilor de a pleca \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate \u0219i viceversa. <\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n

O parte din amploarea dezechilibrului tot mai mare de pe pia\u021ba muncii este cauzat\u0103 de beneficiile sociale demotivante, de particularit\u0103\u021bile etnice ale unor regiuni din Slovacia sau de orient\u0103rile distorsionate ale cet\u0103\u021benilor. <\/strong>Un factor semnificativ al problemelor de pe pia\u021ba for\u021bei de munc\u0103 este incapacitatea de a crea condi\u021biile economice pentru o cre\u0219tere pe termen lung a num\u0103rului de noi angaja\u021bi, productivi \u0219i <\/strong>\u00een plus fa\u021b\u0103 de locurile de munc\u0103 pierdute.<\/strong> P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030, Strategia na\u021bional\u0103 de ocupare a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 asigure o via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 calitatea vie\u021bii pentru to\u021bi, indiferent de v\u00e2rst\u0103, s\u0103 promoveze cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 \u0219i ocuparea productiv\u0103 a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 asigure un consum \u0219i o produc\u021bie durabil\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Economia digital\u0103 este inevitabil\u0103 \u00een vremuri de globalizare <\/h2>\n\n

Organiza\u021bia pentru Cooperare \u0219i Dezvoltare Economic\u0103 preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30% din locurile de munc\u0103 ar putea fi automatizate \u00een dou\u0103 decenii. Digitalizarea industriei a \u00eenceput deja \u00een Republica Ceh\u0103, \u021bara vecin\u0103. \u00cen acest sens, va fi important s\u0103 se sprijine \u0219tiin\u021ba \u0219i cercetarea \u00een domeniul tehnologiilor care apar rapid, cum ar fi inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103, calculul de super-\u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 (HPC) sau blockchain (baz\u0103 de date criptat\u0103 dinamic\u0103), de exemplu. Dar multe sondaje arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 dou\u0103 temeri principale \u00een r\u00e2ndul oamenilor din ziua de azi: teama de pierderea locurilor de munc\u0103 \u0219i teama c\u0103 inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 ne va „cuceri”. Cercet\u0103rile sus\u021bin, de asemenea, c\u0103, \u00een urm\u0103torii zece ani, inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 va schimba semnificativ p\u00e2n\u0103 la 70% din locurile de munc\u0103 din Slovacia. <\/p>\n\n

\n

„Potrivit Organiza\u021biei pentru Cooperare \u0219i Dezvoltare Economic\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 65% dintre \u0219colarii de ast\u0103zi vor lucra \u00een locuri de munc\u0103 care nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 sau care se vor schimba semnificativ. Suntem printre \u021b\u0103rile care vor fi cele mai afectate de dezvoltarea noilor tehnologii.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– CEO-ul Microsoft<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Marea ipotez\u0103 este c\u0103, dup\u0103 2020, pia\u021ba for\u021bei de munc\u0103 va pune accentul pe inovare \u0219i personalizarea produselor. De la un model bazat pe loialitatea \u0219i afilierea corporativ\u0103 a angaja\u021bilor interni, se va trece la echipe externe de speciali\u0219ti cu experien\u021ba necesar\u0103 pentru a demara proiectele. Se va pune din ce \u00een ce mai mult accentul pe proiecte pe termen scurt, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe angajarea pe termen lung la un singur angajator. Oamenii vor fi anima\u021bi de dorin\u021ba de a face o treab\u0103 bun\u0103 \u0219i de calitate \u0219i vor fi capabili s\u0103 ating\u0103 un obiectiv comun prin auto-organizare. De asemenea, risc\u0103m s\u0103 trecem de la modelul tradi\u021bional de guvernan\u021b\u0103 de sus \u00een jos la modelul opus, de jos \u00een sus. Astfel, managerii nu vor mai fi o parte permanent\u0103 a proiectelor, a\u0219a cum sunt \u00een prezent, ci vor fi prezen\u021bi doar \u00een anumite faze ale proiectelor. Succesul liderilor va fi judecat \u00een func\u021bie de capacitatea lor de a construi rela\u021bii, de a comunica \u0219i de a rezolva problemele \u00een mod eficient \u00een cadrul echipelor. Competitivitatea va fi cheia succesului \u00een viitor. <\/p>\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

Agen\u021biile de recrutare<\/a> specializate \u00een anumite industrii sau profesii joac\u0103, de asemenea, un rol important pe pia\u021ba muncii. Persoanele aflate \u00een c\u0103utarea unui loc de munc\u0103 (inclusiv din alte \u021b\u0103ri) au posibilitatea de a semna un acord de plasare a unui loc de munc\u0103 cu ace\u0219tia. Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 va fi, de asemenea, promovat\u0103 \u00een numele acestora pentru a combate \u0219omajul \u00een r\u00e2ndul tinerilor \u0219i pentru a ajuta angajatorii s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 competen\u021bele pe care le caut\u0103, dar pe care nu le g\u0103sesc pe pia\u021ba local\u0103 a for\u021bei de munc\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 este una dintre cauzele care stau la baza \u0219omajului structural, care poate semnala un num\u0103r ridicat de locuri de munc\u0103 neocupate \u00eentr-un moment \u00een care exist\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de \u0219omeri. Cu toate acestea, ratele ridicate ale \u0219omajului pot avea, \u00een general, un efect negativ asupra mobilit\u0103\u021bii for\u021bei de munc\u0103 deoarece […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7823,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[137,138,167],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nMobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een 2020 - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lipsa de for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 adecvat\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 reprezinte o amenin\u021bare la adresa cre\u0219terii continue a \u00eentreprinderilor. Cerin\u021bele de calificare pentru angaja\u021bi nu sunt ridicate. V\u0103 \u00eentreba\u021bi cum va ar\u0103ta mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een 2020?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/ro\/mobilita-pracovnej-sily-v-roku-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mobilitatea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een 2020 - Atena blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lipsa de for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 adecvat\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 reprezinte o amenin\u021bare la adresa cre\u0219terii continue a \u00eentreprinderilor. Cerin\u021bele de calificare pentru angaja\u021bi nu sunt ridicate. 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