{"id":14122,"date":"2019-11-13T08:01:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T07:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/da-li-demografska-kriva-utice-na-radnike\/"},"modified":"2020-03-04T09:39:20","modified_gmt":"2020-03-04T08:39:20","slug":"da-li-demografska-kriva-utice-na-radnike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/sr\/da-li-demografska-kriva-utice-na-radnike\/","title":{"rendered":"Da li demografska kriva uti\u010de na radnike?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jedan od najozbiljnijih, ne tako popularnih problema dana\u0161njice je starenje stanovni\u0161tva. Unutar Evropske unije evidentiraju se problemati\u010dni pokazatelji stope nataliteta, \u0161to dovodi u pitanje budu\u0107nost radne snage ne samo u na\u0161oj zemlji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Iako se Evropska unija pro\u0161iruje kako bi uklju\u010dila nove dr\u017eave \u010dlanice, a bogatstvo njenih gra\u0111ana je u porastu, mora da se bori sa ovim problemom. Sve vi\u0161e novoro\u0111en\u010dadi je ugro\u017eeno od strane tr\u017ei\u0161ta rada, zdravstvenog sistema i penzionog sistema. Demografski izve\u0161taji upozoravaju na to da evropsko stanovni\u0161tvo polako izumire. U isto vreme, ankete pokazuju da Evropljani pri\u017eeljkuju vi\u0161e potomaka. Me\u0111utim, samo ako su ekonomski dovoljno obezbe\u0111eni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da li \u0107emo biti svedoci demografske krize?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Velika je pretpostavka da \u0107emo u narednim decenijama biti svedoci demografske krize bez presedana. Zbog niskih stopa nataliteta, mladih ljudi koji odlaze u inostranstvo, pove\u0107anog \u017eivotnog veka i otu\u0111enosti, mo\u017eemo postati jedno od najstarijih dru\u0161tava u Evropskoj uniji. Naravno, starenje stanovni\u0161tva je trend koji uti\u010de na sve razvijene nacije sveta, tako da to nije samo na\u0161 problem. U pogledu demografskog predvi\u0111anja, Zapadna i Severna Evropa su u zna\u010dajno boljoj poziciji od zemalja Ju\u017ene i Isto\u010dne Evrope. Re\u0161enje za demografsku krizu bi, dakle, trebalo da uklju\u010duje ekonomske mere, mere zapo\u0161ljavanja i porodi\u010dne mere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
PROJEKTOVANI RAZVOJ STANOVNI\u0160TVA<\/strong> (izvor: Eurostat<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dok \u0107e u zemljama poput Norve\u0161ke, Danske i Irske broj stanovni\u0161tva biti u porastu, Finska \u0107e pove\u0107ati broj stanovni\u0161tva stabilnom stopom rasta stanovni\u0161tva. Nakon 2030. godine, Slova\u010dka o\u010dekuje postepeno izumiranje i istovremeno starenje stanovni\u0161tva kao zemlja Zapadne i Severne Evrope. Danas smo me\u0111u najmla\u0111im opasnostima po starosne nacije tj. stariji smo od drugih. Do 2060. godine \u0107emo biti jedna od starijih nacija u Evropi. To zna\u010di da \u0107e zdravstvena za\u0161tita i penzioni sistem biti mnogo te\u017ei. Stoga se starenje ne\u0107e dogoditi, osim vrlo dinami\u010dno. Posta\u0107ete najkompetentnija od najbr\u017eih zvezdanih populacija u Evropi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
INDEKS ZAVISNOSTI STARIJEG STANOVNI\u0160TVA<\/strong> (izvor: Eurostat<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Efekat niskih stopa nataliteta \u0107e postepeno pove\u0107avati starenje stanovni\u0161tva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Demografski trendovi u evropskim zemljama previ\u0161e su razli\u010diti da bi omogu\u0107ili jedno predvi\u0111anje rasta produktivnosti u Evropi. Ne postoji zemlja koja je samo na pozitivnoj strani, ali neke procene trenda su vidljive. Demografski \u201epobednici\u201d su severne zemlje, ali i Nema\u010dka, gde \u0107e se udeo uzrasta od 30-49 godina pove\u0107avati u narednoj deceniji. Sli\u010dan trend se o\u010dekuje u Danskoj, Belgiji, Holandiji i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Pove\u0107anje produktivnosti rada u Centralnoj i Isto\u010dnoj Evropi se tako\u0111e mo\u017ee okon\u010dati zbog smanjenja broja zaposlenih uzrasta od 30-49 godina zbog njihove stalne migracije na Zapad. To \u0107e uglavnom osetiti \u010ce\u0161ka i Ma\u0111arska. Slova\u010dka bi trebalo da bude manje pogo\u0111ena, ali \u0107e u narednoj deceniji tako\u0111e do\u0107i do opadanja u broju radnika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
POVE\u0106ANJE\/SMANJENJE UDELA RADNIKA UZRASTA OD 30-49 GODINA<\/strong> (izvor: Eulerhermes<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017ee postojati nekoliko razloga za nepovoljna predvi\u0111anja. Stopa plodnosti u Slova\u010dkoj je ni\u017ea nego u zemljama Zapadne i Severne Evrope. \u017dene su vi\u0161e okrenute ka svojim karijerama, manje je brakova i razvoda. Ovome se moraju dodati novi obrasci zajedni\u010dkog \u017eivota, za koje savetujemo samohrane roditelje ili homoseksualne sindikate. Mnogi mladi ljudi odlaze u bogatije zemlje radi boljeg obrazovanja i poslovnih prilika. Ostaje paradoks da smo zatvoreniji za imigrante iz drugih zemalja i nismo im posebno privla\u010dni. Dakle, nismo jedina dr\u017eava koja se bori, odnosno koja \u0107e se boriti sa gubitkom ljudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePrirodno opadanje je mnogo \u010de\u0161\u0107e u Evropi nego u SAD-u zbog starije populacije, ni\u017eih stopa nataliteta i manje plodnih \u017eena. Prirodno opadanje je glavna politi\u010dka briga, jer smanjuje demografsku otpornost iz regiona, smanjuju\u0107i njegovu ekonomsku odr\u017eivost i konkurentnost.\u201d<\/p>

– demograf Dudley Poston sa kolegama sa teksa\u0161kog univerziteta A&M<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Migracija kao re\u0161enje problema<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako stanovni\u0161tvo stari, postoja\u0107e manje radnih aktivnosti i vi\u0161e penzionera. Mo\u017ee do\u0107i i do situacije u kojoj \u0107e broj stanovni\u0161tva rasti, ali ekonomski nivo ne\u0107e stvoriti uslove za zadovoljavaju\u0107i \u017eivot. Me\u0111utim, strani radnici bi mogli da doprinesu rastu privrede. Oni su prilagodljivi i idu u one sektore struke u kojima postoji najve\u0107i manjak radne snage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
NAJIDEALNIJI GRAFIKON DEMOGRAFSKE KRIVE<\/strong> (izvor: OSN<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZemlje Evropske unije koje podr\u017eavaju porodi\u010dnu politiku i uskla\u0111ivanje posla i porodi\u010dnog \u017eivota imaju vi\u0161e stope nataliteta. Imigracija daje zna\u010dajan doprinos oporavku i osna\u017eivanju aktivnog stanovni\u0161tva sa razli\u010ditim nivoima stru\u010dnosti.\u201d<\/p>

– sociolog Fran\u00e7ois H\u00e9ran <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Prema na\u0161em mi\u0161ljenju, otvaranje granica ka zemljama tre\u0107eg sveta je jedan od na\u010dina izbegavanja demografske krize. Osim ako se stope nataliteta, migracije ili smrtnosti zna\u010dajno ne pove\u0107aju, brzo \u0107e se pove\u0107ati i pritisak na penzioni sistem. Migracija mo\u017ee da bude klju\u010dni uslov za spre\u010davanje starenja stanovni\u0161tva i gubitka radne snage. Ovo ne bi predstavljalo rizik za preoptere\u0107enje penzionih sistema u skoro svim zemljama Evropske unije. Pozitivan uticaj \u0107emo imati samo kada dru\u0161tvo bude u stanju da upravlja migracijom i konsoliduje je.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jedan od najozbiljnijih, ne tako popularnih problema dana\u0161njice je starenje stanovni\u0161tva. Unutar Evropske unije evidentiraju se problemati\u010dni pokazatelji stope nataliteta, \u0161to dovodi u pitanje budu\u0107nost radne snage ne samo u na\u0161oj zemlji.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142,143,166],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nDa li demografska kriva uti\u010de na radnike? - \u0410\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dru\u0161tveni uticaj o\u010dekivane evolucije starosne strukture stanovni\u0161tva \u0107e biti ozbiljan u narednim decenijama. 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