{"id":100050,"date":"2022-12-05T18:08:14","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T17:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/?p=100050"},"modified":"2023-04-17T14:14:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T12:14:29","slug":"ako-slavia-mikulasa-vo-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/ako-slavia-mikulasa-vo-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sl\u00e1via Mikul\u00e1\u0161a vo svete?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Na de\u0148, kedy chod\u00ed obdar\u00fava\u0165 bielovlas\u00fd <\/strong>sympatick\u00fd mu\u017e odet\u00fd do \u010derven\u00e9ho<\/strong>, sa te\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 jedno die\u0165a. Men\u0161ie i v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, ale nad\u0161enci sa n\u00e1jdu aj v radoch dospel\u00fdch. Tak, ako pri v\u0161etkom, aj pri oslave tohto d\u0148a plat\u00ed pr\u00edslovie: In\u00fd kraj, in\u00fd mrav<\/strong>. V jednotliv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sa sl\u00e1venie od seba odli\u0161uje, niekde vl\u00e1dne viac rozdielov, niekde menej<\/strong>. Ak budete tr\u00e1vi\u0165 tento sviato\u010dn\u00fd \u010das pr\u00e1cou v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pr\u00edde vhod vedie\u0165, ako sa sl\u00e1vi pr\u00e1ve v dan\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Rovnako v ka\u017edom \u0161t\u00e1te sa postava pripom\u00ednaj\u00faca mil\u00e9ho dedka vol\u00e1 inak. Na Slovensku \u010di v \u010cech\u00e1ch ho poznaj\u00fa ako Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako to cel\u00e9 vzniklo? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 bol biskup<\/strong> \u017eij\u00faci a p\u00f4sobiaci v Myre, na \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho Turecka. Hoci toto mesto by sme pod t\u00fdmto n\u00e1zvom h\u013eadali m\u00e1rne, n\u00e1jdeme ho pri meste Demre v ob\u013e\u00fabenom dovolenkovom letovisku Antalya<\/strong>. Legenda hovor\u00ed, \u017ee Mikul\u00e1\u0161 pomohol chudobn\u00e9mu mu\u017eovi<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd mal tri dc\u00e9ry. Ten bol kv\u00f4li nemajetnosti takmer don\u00faten\u00fd spravi\u0165 z nich neviestky. Preto\u017ee im nedok\u00e1zal zabezpe\u010di\u0165 veno. V tom \u010dase vl\u00e1dli pravidl\u00e1, \u017ee bez neho sa \u017eena nemohla vyda\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 sa v mladom veku stal sirotou<\/strong> a zdedil po rodi\u010doch ve\u013ek\u00fd majetok.<\/strong> Hovor\u00ed sa. \u017ee polo\u017eil na okno mu\u017eovho domu hrudky \u010di me\u0161ec zlata (zdroje sa r\u00f4znia), \u010do sa opakovalo po trikr\u00e1t. T\u00fdm zachr\u00e1nil jeho rodinu. V\u010faka tomu vznikla trad\u00edcia rozd\u00e1vania dar\u010dekov. De\u0148, kedy zomrel, sa oslavuje vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine zem\u00ed ako sviatok Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. Pripom\u00edna sa jeho \u0161tedros\u0165 a dobrota<\/strong>. Traduje sa, \u017ee rozd\u00e1vanie sladkost\u00ed sa zau\u017e\u00edvalo v Holandsku,<\/strong> odkia\u013e sa dostalo do Severnej Ameriky. Druhou verziou je, \u017ee zvyk pri\u0161iel z Nemecka.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Holandsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V holand\u010dine znie meno obdar\u00favaj\u00faceho Sinterklaas.<\/strong> U\u017e prv\u00fa sobotu po 11. novembri prich\u00e1dza parn\u00edkom zo \u0160panielska<\/strong>, kde \u017eije po zvy\u0161ok roka. Spolu s \u010ciernym Petrom<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd nahr\u00e1dza \u010derta (typick\u00e9ho pre in\u00e9 kult\u00fary), prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa odmeni\u0165 dobr\u00e9 deti a pokarha\u0165 tie, ktor\u00e9 neposl\u00fachali. Rozpr\u00e1va sa, \u017ee \u010cierny Peter poslu\u0161n\u00e9 deti zab\u00e1va a tie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ich prav\u00fdm opakom, berie do vreca nasp\u00e4\u0165 so sebou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holandsk\u00e9 meste\u010dk\u00e1 oslavuj\u00fa tento sviatok odli\u0161n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. V\u0161ade sa s\u00edce konaj\u00fa sprievody, <\/strong>po\u010das ktor\u00fdch k nim Sinterklaas zav\u00edta, ale prich\u00e1dza na rozli\u010dn\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkoch. <\/strong>Niekam pr\u00edde na lodi, inam na koni alebo ko\u010di, niekam dokonca helikopt\u00e9rou. Nav\u0161tevuje nemocnice a \u0161koly, kde obdar\u00fava deti. Tie na opl\u00e1tku nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa misku s vodou, mrkvu \u010di seno jeho sobom, aby sa ob\u010derstvili. V predve\u010der sviatku sa rodiny stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u010das spolo\u010dnej ve\u010dere. Na stole nech\u00fdbaj\u00fa su\u0161ienky v tvare Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. Pochutn\u00e1vaj\u00fa si na sladkostiach z marcip\u00e1nu a mand\u013eov\u00fdch pern\u00edkoch. Potom, \u010do Sinterklaas roznos\u00ed n\u00e1dielku, \u00fadajne sa vracia z pr\u00edstavu v Rotterdame nasp\u00e4\u0165 do \u0160panielska. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Belgicku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Podobne ako v Holandsku s Mikul\u00e1\u0161om chod\u00ed pomocn\u00edk, \u010cierny Peter.<\/strong> D\u00e1vne legendy tvrdia, \u017ee prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa spolu zo \u0160panielska. A deti veria, \u017ee tam \u017eij\u00fa s trpasl\u00edkmi. Do Belgicka pricv\u00e1laj\u00fa 5. decembra na bielych ko\u0148och<\/strong>, jazdia po strech\u00e1ch a cez kom\u00edny de\u0165om posielaj\u00fa dar\u010deky. Postava pomocn\u00edka nezobrazuje zl\u00fa bytos\u0165 a nie je ani symbolom \u010derta. Belgick\u00e9 deti na tento sviatok dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a hodnotnej\u0161ie dary <\/strong>a na Vianoce s\u00fa obdarovan\u00e9 mali\u010dkos\u0165ami a sladkos\u0165ami. Niektor\u00e9 rodiny nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri krbe vodu pre Mikul\u00e1\u0161ove kone, niektor\u00e9 deti rodi\u010dov presved\u010dili, aby tam nechali pre Mikul\u00e1\u0161a d\u017eb\u00e1n piva. Pr\u00edpravy na sviato\u010dn\u00fd de\u0148 sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa na za\u010diatku novembra. <\/strong>Ke\u010f\u017ee je Belgicko zn\u00e1me ako krajina \u010dokol\u00e1dy<\/strong>, obchody s\u00fa pln\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fdch fig\u00farok Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie z nich s\u00fa vysok\u00e9 viac ne\u017e pol metra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Nemecku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov sa oslavy l\u00ed\u0161ia. V Bavorsku<\/strong> sprev\u00e1dza Mikul\u00e1\u0161a hr\u00f4zu nah\u00e1\u0148aj\u00faci Krampus<\/strong>. V ostatn\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch ho sprev\u00e1dza sluha Ruprecht. <\/strong>Obidvaja, Krampus i Ruprecht, s\u00fa synonymom \u010derta, <\/strong>no Ruprecht nie je tak\u00fd hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00fd. Deti sa sna\u017eia postra\u0161i\u0165, aby sa do bud\u00facna vyvarovali neposlu\u0161n\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania. Nieko\u013eko spolkov\u00fdch kraj\u00edn je zn\u00e1mych t\u00fdm, \u017ee deti v nich d\u00e1vaj\u00fa do top\u00e1nok seno a mrkvu pre Mikul\u00e1\u0161ove kone \u010di soby. Tradi\u010dn\u00fdm zvykom je konzumova\u0165 pe\u010divo z kysnut\u00e9ho cesta v tvare Mikul\u00e1\u0161a, \u010do je podobn\u00e9 ako v Holandsku. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm typick\u00fdm pokrmom tohto d\u0148a s\u00fa pe\u010den\u00e9 jablk\u00e1 <\/strong>s vanilkov\u00fdm kr\u00e9mom plnen\u00e9 orie\u0161kami, hrozienkami a cukrom \u010di palacinky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Rak\u00fasku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u010der pred sviatkom Mikul\u00e1\u0161a prech\u00e1dza ulicami mesta postava oble\u010den\u00e1 v biskupskom kost\u00fdme naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Nikolaus. <\/strong>Nechod\u00ed s\u00e1m, ale sprev\u00e1dza ho skupina krampusov<\/strong>, stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch post\u00e1v v dreven\u00fdch mask\u00e1ch, ko\u017euchoch a s rin\u010diacimi kravsk\u00fdmi zvoncami, vyzbrojen\u00fdch vetvi\u010dkami a popolom, aby potrestali t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed boli zl\u00ed. V Rak\u00fasku <\/strong>je Krampus typickou postavou mikul\u00e1\u0161skeho obdobia tak, ako v Bavorsku. Ritu\u00e1l pochodu \u010dertov<\/strong>, ako sa tento sprievod ozna\u010duje, sa roz\u0161\u00edril do Rak\u00faska z alpsk\u00fdch dediniek<\/strong> a v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach sa stal ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rnym. Z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uj\u00fa sa ho stovky n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov z cel\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu. Na in\u00fdch miestach ale Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Nikolaus st\u00e1le chod\u00ed od domu k domu, aby nav\u0161t\u00edvil rodiny. Predt\u00fdm, ako rozd\u00e1 vrecia s dobrotami, po\u010d\u00fava deti a povie im, \u010di sa maj\u00fa na bud\u00faci rok polep\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Ma\u010farsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Ma\u010farsku Mikul\u00e1\u0161 nav\u0161tevuje deti v celej krajine v\u017edy 6. decembra ve\u010der.<\/strong> Namiesto pan\u010d\u00fach nad krbom si deti d\u00e1vaj\u00fa top\u00e1nky do okna<\/strong>, aby ich naplnil pod\u013ea toho, \u010di boli po\u010das roka dobr\u00e9 alebo nie. V star\u0161\u00edch \u010dasoch boli poslu\u0161n\u00e9 deti odme\u0148ovan\u00e9 v\u00fdberom sladkost\u00ed, sez\u00f3nneho ovocia a orechov. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa viac-menej sladkosti a \u010dokol\u00e1du. Jednou z vec\u00ed, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1jdu vo svojom bal\u00ed\u010dku, je \u010dokol\u00e1da v tvare Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. Neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 deti dostan\u00fa pr\u00fat,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd pripom\u00edna mal\u00fa metlu vyroben\u00fa z vetvi\u010diek,<\/strong> \u010do symbolizuje, \u017ee dostan\u00fa trest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samozrejme, nikto nie je len dobr\u00fd alebo len zl\u00fd, tak\u017ee deti zvy\u010dajne n\u00e1jdu v top\u00e1nke aj dobroty, aj pr\u00faty.<\/strong> Mikul\u00e1\u0161 nav\u0161tevuje \u0161k\u00f4lky a \u0161koly (dokonca aj univerzity). Deti si pripravuj\u00fa pesni\u010dky a b\u00e1sni\u010dky, <\/strong>ktor\u00e9 spievaj\u00fa a recituj\u00fa. Mikul\u00e1\u0161a sprev\u00e1dza postava Krampusa, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 za \u00falohu stra\u0161i\u0165 nevychovan\u00e9 deti. Tie maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 sadn\u00fa\u0165 si Mikul\u00e1\u0161ovi na kolen\u00e1 a rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa s n\u00edm o svojom spr\u00e1van\u00ed po\u010das roka. Aj dospel\u00ed nosia v tento de\u0148 v\u0161ade mikul\u00e1\u0161ske \u010diapky.<\/strong> Tieto trad\u00edcie s\u00fa ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 aj v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Chorv\u00e1tsku, Rumunsku, Po\u013esku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Chorv\u00e1tsku sprev\u00e1dza Mikul\u00e1\u0161a tie\u017e \u010dert Krampus. Rovnako si deti v predve\u010der d\u0148a prichystaj\u00fa na okno vy\u010disten\u00e9 top\u00e1nky,<\/strong> v ktor\u00fdch si r\u00e1no n\u00e1jdu dar\u010dek, sladkosti, ovocie alebo su\u0161en\u00e9 plody. V Rumunsku chod\u00ed Mo\u015f Nicolae, ktor\u00fd de\u0165om v noci z piateho na \u0161iesteho decembra nech\u00e1va papu\u010de \u010di zimn\u00e9 top\u00e1nky naplnen\u00e9 sladkos\u0165ami, drobnos\u0165ami a ovoc\u00edm. Neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 deti dostan\u00fa za trest pr\u00faty. <\/strong>Spolu so sympatick\u00fdm obdar\u00favate\u013eom chod\u00ed Krampus, ktor\u00fd aj tu zanech\u00e1 pr\u00faty. Trad\u00edcia Mikul\u00e1\u0161a v Po\u013esku je kombin\u00e1ciou z\u00e1padn\u00fdch i v\u00fdchodn\u00fdch vplyvov. V po\u013e\u0161tine je to Mikolaj, kto prich\u00e1dza k de\u0165om 6. decembra a nech\u00e1va im doma vo viano\u010dnej pan\u010duche<\/strong> \u010dokol\u00e1du a sladk\u00e9 dobroty alebo ich nav\u0161tevuje v \u0161kol\u00e1ch a matersk\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4lkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 v Bulharsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tu sa nesl\u00e1vi Mikul\u00e1\u0161, ale Nikulden. Je to odli\u0161n\u00fd <\/strong>sviatok. Nechod\u00ed ani Mikul\u00e1\u0161, ani anjel a ani \u010dert. T\u00fato trad\u00edciu v Bulharsku nepoznaj\u00fa.<\/strong> Tento de\u0148 je oslavou men\u00edn Nikolasov a Nikolajov, \u010do s\u00fa vari\u00e1cie mena Mikul\u00e1\u0161. Po\u010das neho konzumuj\u00fa jedl\u00e1 z r\u00fdb,<\/strong> naj\u010dastej\u0161ie kapra s plnkou. Plnen\u00fd b\u00fdva \u0161ampi\u00f3nmi, cibu\u013eou, mrkvou, ry\u017eou a koren\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako mo\u017eno vidie\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 prvky <\/strong>mikul\u00e1\u0161skych osl\u00e1v s\u00fa celkom podobn\u00e9<\/strong>, ale m\u00f4\u017eeme pozorova\u0165 aj patrn\u00e9 rozdiely. <\/strong>Trad\u00edcie sa pribli\u017euj\u00fa v z\u00e1vislosti od kraj\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 k sebe maj\u00fa geograficky bl\u00edzko. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/strong> praktizujete na Mikul\u00e1\u0161a vy doma so svojimi rodinami a bl\u00edzkymi? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161skym obdob\u00edm naplno za\u010d\u00edna \u010das, kedy u\u017e c\u00edti\u0165 atmosf\u00e9ru bl\u00ed\u017eiacich sa Vianoc. Ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch, aj v tomto pr\u00edpade plat\u00ed: In\u00fd kraj, in\u00fd mrav. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":100991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 obdar\u00fava ? obvykle v noci z 5. na 6. decembra nielen deti. Ak\u00e9 trad\u00edcie s\u00fa zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Holandsku, ?? Nemecku ?? a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1ch? ","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nAko sl\u00e1via Mikul\u00e1\u0161a vo svete? - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 je d\u0148om, kedy za\u010d\u00edna by\u0165 viano\u010dn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra v plnom pr\u00fade. 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