{"id":110141,"date":"2022-12-21T21:48:42","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T20:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/?p=110141"},"modified":"2023-04-17T14:01:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T12:01:41","slug":"vianocne-tradicie-vo-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atena.sk\/blog\/vianocne-tradicie-vo-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie vo svete"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie udr\u017eiava ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina na svete. Niekde s\u00fa tieto zvyklosti odli\u0161n\u00e9, inde zas podobn\u00e9 so \u0161t\u00e1tmi naokolo. Ak\u00e9 viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie si pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa v krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie v Nemecku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fa tu ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 viano\u010dn\u00e9 strom\u010deky. Ak s\u00fa v dome mal\u00e9 deti, strom\u010dek zvy\u010dajne tajne zdob\u00ed matka. Do domu sa prin\u00e1\u0161a tradi\u010dne a\u017e na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148. D\u00f4raz sa kladie na celkov\u00fa v\u00fdzdobu. Do okien sa d\u00e1vaj\u00fa dreven\u00e9 r\u00e1my pokryt\u00e9 farebn\u00fdmi plastov\u00fdmi f\u00f3liami, vo vn\u00fatri ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa elektrick\u00e9 svie\u010dky, aby dom zvonku vyzeral pekne. Existuje aj trad\u00edcia, pri ktorej sa z papiera vystrihuj\u00fa viano\u010dn\u00e9 tvary, ako s\u00fa zvon\u010deky a betlehemy, a potom sa za otvory d\u00e1va r\u00f4znofarebn\u00fd prieh\u013eadn\u00fd papier, aby vyzerali ako vitr\u00e1\u017ee. Tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi ozdobami, ktor\u00fdmi sa vyzdobuje strom\u010dek, s\u00fa ozdoby z f\u00fakan\u00e9ho skla alebo dreven\u00e9 lusk\u00e1\u010diky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vianoce v Rak\u00fasku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rak\u00fasko m\u00e1 mnoh\u00e9 viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie spolo\u010dn\u00e9 so susedn\u00fdm Nemeckom, ale aj ve\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch zvykov. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mesto m\u00e1 na n\u00e1mest\u00ed postaven\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek. Doma ho zdobia zlat\u00fdmi a strieborn\u00fdmi ozdobami a hviezdami zo slamy. Vianoce sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sl\u00e1vi\u0165 okolo 16.00 na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148, kedy sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t rozsvieti strom\u010dek a \u013eudia okolo neho spievaj\u00fa koledy. Medzi ozdobami n\u00e1jdeme svie\u010dky a prskavky. Pre deti s\u00fa najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm prvkom v\u00fdzdoby sladkosti, \u010dokol\u00e1da r\u00f4znych druhov a \u017eel\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky. Deti veria, \u017ee strom\u010dek zdob\u00ed Christkind a tie\u017e im nech\u00e1va dar\u010deky pod strom\u010dekom. Predstavuj\u00fa si ho ako zlatovlas\u00e9 die\u0165a s kr\u00eddlami, ktor\u00e9 symbolizuje novonaroden\u00e9ho Krista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie v Holandsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00fd \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 je v Holandsku ove\u013ea pokojnej\u0161\u00edm d\u0148om ne\u017e Mikul\u00e1\u0161. Oslavuje sa n\u00e1v\u0161tevou kostola a spolo\u010dn\u00fdm rodinn\u00fdm jedlom ako aj inde. Popoludn\u00ed sa v kostole kon\u00e1 \u0161peci\u00e1lna viano\u010dn\u00e1 udalos\u0165, kde sa rozpr\u00e1va viano\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh a in\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy. Tie s\u00fa \u010dasto jedin\u00fdmi dar\u010dekmi, ktor\u00e9 deti na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 dostan\u00fa, preto\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dar\u010dekov u\u017e dostali na Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. Ak u\u017e nejak\u00e9 drobnosti holandsk\u00e9 deti dostan\u00fa, veria, \u017ee Santa Claus (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj Viano\u010dn\u00fd mu\u017e) prich\u00e1dza z Laponska vo F\u00ednsku, aby im ich doniesol. \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 je zn\u00e1my ako prv\u00fd viano\u010dn\u00fd de\u0148 a de\u0148 po Vianociach sa ozna\u010duje ako druh\u00fd viano\u010dn\u00fd de\u0148. V druh\u00fd de\u0148 maj\u00fa \u013eudia tendenciu nav\u0161tevova\u0165 rodiny, ale aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 centr\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vianoce v Belgicku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Belgi\u010dania m\u00e1vaj\u00fa ved\u013ea tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka umiestnen\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00ed symbol Vianoc – betlehem. Niektor\u00ed ho maj\u00fa dokonca v \u017eivotnej ve\u013ekosti vo svojich z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine ded\u00edn sa pri kostole uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 betlehemy so skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi zvieratami (osol, ovca, v\u00f4l). Atmosf\u00e9ru dotv\u00e1ra zborov\u00e1 hudba. Tunaj\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia ob\u013eubuj\u00fa vyzdobi\u0165 si aj vonkaj\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 domu svetlami, sobmi alebo Mikul\u00e1\u0161om, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161plh\u00e1 po streche. Pod strom\u010dek sa d\u00e1vaj\u00fa men\u0161ie dar\u010deky a rozba\u013euj\u00fa sa na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148. \u013dudia oslavuj\u00fa v kruhu rodiny a nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa priate\u013eov alebo vzdialen\u00fdch pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch tak, ako to b\u00fdva vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine in\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trad\u00edcie v Anglicku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vianoce s\u00fa v Anglicku najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm ve\u010dierkov. St\u00e1le je tu typick\u00e9 posielanie viano\u010dn\u00fdch poh\u013eadn\u00edc. T\u00e1to trad\u00edcia siaha do za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia a rozvinula sa s rozvojom po\u0161tovej slu\u017eby. Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed posiela a dost\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00e9 Vianoce p\u00e4\u0165desiat alebo dokonca sto kariet a potom sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 viano\u010dnej v\u00fdzdoby. Spev\u00e1ci spievaj\u00faci koledy na uliciach, preto\u017ee Briti maj\u00fa ve\u013emi radi spev a spievanie je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ich \u017eivota, \u010di u\u017e v \u0161kole, s priate\u013emi alebo v kostole. V d\u0148och pred Vianocami sa na mnoh\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch uliciach a v n\u00e1kupn\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch stret\u00e1vame s koledn\u00edkmi. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie s\u00fa tu Vianoce rodinnou udalos\u0165ou. Ver\u00ed sa, \u017ee do domu prich\u00e1dza kom\u00ednom Otec Vianoc a nech\u00e1va dar\u010deky vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch viano\u010dn\u00fdch pono\u017ek\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 deti na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 zavesia ved\u013ea krbu, na koniec postele alebo okolo strom\u010deka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie v Rumunsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rumunsk\u00e9 oslavy Vianoc sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148, ke\u010f \u013eudia za spevu kolied zdobia viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek cukr\u00edkmi, ru\u010dne vyroben\u00fdmi ozdobami a farebn\u00fdmi svetielkami. Domy sa zdobia imelom symbolizuj\u00facim \u0161\u0165astie a bohatstvo. Na \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der chodia do ul\u00edc skupinky rozradosten\u00fdch det\u00ed a mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed spieva\u0165 koledy a rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edbeh o naroden\u00ed Je\u017ei\u0161a. Po\u010das toho \u017eelaj\u00fa zdravie, \u0161\u0165astie a l\u00e1sku. Najm\u00e4 na dedin\u00e1ch chodia od domu k domu a ka\u017ed\u00e1 rodina ich odme\u0148uje dom\u00e1cimi kol\u00e1\u010dmi, ovoc\u00edm a niekedy aj peniazmi. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia predv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa divadeln\u00e9 predstavenie, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa prezle\u010den\u00ed za kozy alebo medvede a spievaj\u00fa a tancuj\u00fa na uliciach. \u00da\u010dinkuj\u00facich m\u00f4\u017ee sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 skupina duba\u0161ov – slobodn\u00fdch buben\u00edkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vianoce v Bulharsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Bulharsku sa sl\u00e1via Vianoce 25. decembra, napriek tomu, \u017ee tu vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 pravosl\u00e1vne n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo. Riadia sa toti\u017e pod\u013ea gregori\u00e1nskeho kalend\u00e1ra. Koledn\u00edci chodia na Vianoce od domu k domu po dedin\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac o polnoci na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148. Tieto skupiny zvy\u010dajne tvoria mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei oble\u010den\u00ed v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch krojoch, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v z\u00e1vislosti od regi\u00f3nov. Koledn\u00edci sa na tieto sviato\u010dn\u00e9 vyst\u00fapenia \u0161peci\u00e1lne pripravuj\u00fa. \u010casto spievaj\u00fa cel\u00fa noc. Ke\u010f pr\u00eddu k nejak\u00e9mu domu, spievaj\u00fa piese\u0148 o \u0148om, ktorou ho chv\u00e1lia a \u017eelaj\u00fa mu v\u0161etko dobr\u00e9. Tak, ako ka\u017ed\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, aj t\u00e1to m\u00e1 svoj v\u00fdznam. Tento zvyk vraj chr\u00e1ni pred zl\u00fdmi duchmi. Piesne sa skladaj\u00fa z dvoch \u010dast\u00ed, pri\u010dom polovica spev\u00e1kov spieva piese\u0148 a druh\u00e1 polovica ju opakuje. Koledn\u00edci s\u00fa za svoj spev a vin\u0161ovanie odme\u0148ovan\u00ed jedlom. Medzi \u0161peci\u00e1lne pokrmy patria okr\u00fahle buchty a pe\u010divo plnen\u00e9 syrom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zvyky v Ma\u010farsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u013dudia tie\u017e tr\u00e1via \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der s rodinou a zdobia viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek. Niekedy ho ozdobuj\u00fa len dospel\u00ed (bez pr\u00edtomnosti det\u00ed), tak\u017ee pre tie, ke\u010f pr\u00eddu a uvidia ho, je to ve\u013ek\u00e9 prekvapenie. Povie sa im, \u017ee strom\u010dek priniesli anjeli. V Ma\u010farsku je ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 trad\u00edcia polno\u010dnej om\u0161e. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed ide do kostola po viano\u010dnej ve\u010deri. Deti d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee si po pr\u00edchode odtia\u013e pod viano\u010dn\u00fdm strom\u010dekom n\u00e1jdu nejak\u00e9 dar\u010deky. \u010cakaj\u00fa pred miestnos\u0165ou, kde maj\u00fa postaven\u00fd strom\u010dek, a ke\u010f po\u010duj\u00fa zvonenie zvon\u010dekov, m\u00f4\u017eu vst\u00fapi\u0165 a pod n\u00edm ich \u010dak\u00e1 mil\u00e9 prekvapenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie v Chorv\u00e1tsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 strom\u010deky s\u00fa ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 a zvy\u010dajne sa zdobia na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148, ale niektor\u00ed ich stavaj\u00fa a zdobia na Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. V Chorv\u00e1tsku sa tradi\u010dne zdobia ozdobami v tvare ovocia. V minulosti to b\u00fdvali k\u00fasky naozajstn\u00e9ho \u010derstv\u00e9ho alebo su\u0161en\u00e9ho ovocia. Vo vidieckych \u010dastiach krajiny je st\u00e1le zvykom prinies\u0165 na \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der do domu slamu ako symbol bud\u00facej dobrej \u00farody ako kedysi. Na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 sa do domu tie\u017e tradi\u010dne prin\u00e1\u0161alo a zapa\u013eovalo poleno naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 badnjak (znamen\u00e1 \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der). V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 v\u0161ak u\u017e m\u00e1lokto krb. Dar\u010deky sa zvy\u010dajne vymie\u0148aj\u00fa na \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der. Aj tu mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia radi chodia na polno\u010dn\u00fa om\u0161u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trad\u00edcie v Srbsku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Srbsko sa vyzna\u010duje t\u00fdm, \u017ee tu sa nesl\u00e1via Vianoce 24. a 25. decembra ako v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, ale a\u017e 6. a 7. janu\u00e1ra. Riadia sa toti\u017e nie gregori\u00e1nskym, ale juli\u00e1nskym kalend\u00e1rom. Viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek sa za\u010d\u00edna zdobi\u0165 okolo 19. decembra, kedy u Srbov chod\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161. 6. janu\u00e1r je p\u00f4stnym d\u0148om. Kedysi sa v tento de\u0148 vybrala hlava celej rodiny r\u00e1no do lesa po strom (badnjak) – naj\u010dastej\u0161ie dub, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1val horie\u0165 do krbu. Na Vianoce chod\u00ed vin\u0161ova\u0165 najmlad\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen rodiny (ktor\u00fd aj dost\u00e1va dar\u010deky – cukr\u00edky, oble\u010denie, peniaze) ostatn\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m, preto\u017ee deti a mlad\u00ed maj\u00fa najpevnej\u0161ie zdravie. V\u00fdber najmlad\u0161ieho koledn\u00edka symbolizuje, \u017ee nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9 rodiny bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd bud\u00faci rok, bude sa im dari\u0165, ni\u010d sa nepokaz\u00ed ani nenalom\u00ed ich zdravie. Koledn\u00edk prin\u00e1\u0161a aj k\u00fasok badnjaku, ktor\u00fd h\u00e1d\u017ee do krbu a praje \u0161\u0165astie, zdravie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vianoce v Litve <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tesne pred Vianocami sa upratuje cel\u00fd dom, men\u00ed sa poste\u013en\u00e1 bielize\u0148 a v\u0161etci sa um\u00fdvaj\u00fa a obliekaj\u00fa do \u010dist\u00e9ho, aby boli pripraven\u00ed na sl\u00e1vnostn\u00e9 jedlo. Preto\u017ee \u013eudia veria tomu, \u017ee \u010distota im pom\u00e1ha chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred zlom a chorobami po\u010das nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho roka. Ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdmi ozdobami viano\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka v Litve s\u00fa ozdoby z bielych papierov\u00fdch slamiek. \u010casto s\u00fa v tvare hviezdi\u010diek, snehov\u00fdch vlo\u010diek a in\u00fdch geometrick\u00fdch tvarov. Trad\u00edciou je rozlo\u017ei\u0165 slamu na doske stola a prikry\u0165 ju \u010dist\u00fdm, bielym obrusom. St\u00f4l sa potom ozdob\u00ed svie\u010dkami a mal\u00fdmi vetvi\u010dkami z jedli\u010dky. Slama \u013eu\u010fom pripom\u00edna Je\u017ei\u0161ka, ktor\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed v jasliach. Povera hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ak spod obrusu vytiahnu k\u00fasok slamy a bude dlh\u00fd, do\u017eij\u00fa sa dlh\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Ak bude kr\u00e1tky, bud\u00fa ma\u0165 rovnako kr\u00e1tky \u017eivot, hrub\u00e1 slama zas zna\u010d\u00ed bohat\u00fd a \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd \u017eivot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvyky na Slovensku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

K slovensk\u00fdm trad\u00edci\u00e1m patr\u00ed vkladanie \u0161upiny z kapra pod obrus po\u010das sl\u00e1vnostnej ve\u010dere, \u010do m\u00e1 zaisti\u0165 prosperitu v podobe pe\u0148az\u00ed, alebo prestretie taniera navy\u0161e, \u010do symbolizuje miesto pre zosnul\u00fdch \u010dlenov rodiny. Nem\u00f4\u017ee sa odch\u00e1dza\u0165 od stola, ke\u010f sa ve\u010deria, preto\u017ee sa traduje, \u017ee by to prinieslo ne\u0161\u0165astie. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm zvykom, hlavne v minulosti, bolo, \u017ee mama rodiny robila kr\u00ed\u017eik na \u010delo str\u00fa\u010dikom cesnaku, ktor\u00fd predt\u00fdm namo\u010dila do medu, de\u0165om aj man\u017eelovi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, \u010do sa v jednotliv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch na sviatky konzumuje, pozrite si \u010dl\u00e1nok o viano\u010dnej ve\u010deri<\/a>. Chcete vedie\u0165, ako sa na Vianoce pripravuj\u00fa firm<\/a>y? M\u00f4\u017eete si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165, ako sme sa pripravovali my<\/a> v Atene<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor\u00e9 trad\u00edcie patria medzi va\u0161e ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9, bez ktor\u00fdch by ste si sl\u00e1venie Vianoc nevedeli predstavi\u0165? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie spestruj\u00fa Vianoce a robia ich Vianocami. Ktor\u00e9 zvyky maj\u00fa zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 krajiny E\u00da? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":110747,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,54,55],"tags":[],"acf":{"facebookpost":"Ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina ? m\u00e1 trochu odli\u0161n\u00e9 viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci susedn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn m\u00f4\u017eu aj ve\u013emi podoba\u0165. Ak\u00e9 trad\u00edcie a zvyky praktizujete doma po\u010das Vianoc? ?","popis_socialneho_obrazku":""},"yoast_head":"\nViano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie vo svete - Atena blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Viano\u010dn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie patria k Vianociam a robia ich tak\u00fdmi, ak\u00fdmi ich m\u00e1me radi. 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